@article{ce2500234c81417daa61ae16a99691c8,
title = "A new Holocene sea-level record for Singapore",
abstract = "Relative sea-level (RSL) records from far-field regions distal from ice sheets remain poorly understood, particularly in the early Holocene. Here, we extended the Holocene RSL data from Singapore by producing early Holocene sea-level index points (SLIPs) and limiting dates from a new ~40 m sediment core. We merged new and published RSL data to construct a standardized Singapore RSL database consisting of 88 SLIPs and limiting data. In the early Holocene, RSL rose rapidly from −21.0 to −0.7 m from ~9500 to 7000 cal. yrs. BP. Thereafter, the rate of RSL rise decelerated, reaching a mid-Holocene highstand of 4.0 ± 4.5 m at 5100 cal. yrs. BP, before falling to its present level. There is no evidence of any inflections in RSL when the full uncertainty of SLIPs is considered. When combined with other standardized data from the Malay-Thai Peninsula, our results also show substantial misfits between regional RSL reconstructions and glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) model predictions in the rate of early Holocene RSL rise, the timing of the mid-Holocene highstand and the nature of late-Holocene RSL fall towards the present. It is presently unknown whether these misfits are caused by regional processes, such as subsidence of the continental shelf, or inaccurate parameters used in the GIA model.",
keywords = "Glacial Isostatic Adjustment (GIA), Holocene, Sunda Shelf, basal peat, sea level, sediment compaction",
author = "Stephen Chua and Switzer, {Adam D.} and Tanghua Li and Huixian Chen and Margaret Christie and Shaw, {Timothy A.} and Khan, {Nicole S.} and Bird, {Michael I.} and Horton, {Benjamin P.}",
note = "Funding Information: The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by the Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS) grants M4430132.B50-2014 (Singapore Quaternary Geology), M4430139.B50-2015 (Singapore Holocene Sea Level), M4430188.B50-2016 (Singapore Drilling Project), M4430245.B50-2017 and M4430245.B50-2018 (Kallang Basin Project). SC, ADS, TL, HC, TAS and BPH are supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund MOE2019-T3-1-004 and MOE2018-T2-1-030, the National Research Foundation Singapore, the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centers of Excellence initiative, and by the Nanyang Technological University. This research is also supported by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister{\textquoteright}s Office, Singapore and the Ministry of National Development, Singapore under the Urban Solutions & Sustainability – Integration Fund (USS-IF Award No. USS-IF-2020-1). It is part of the National Sea Level Programme under the National Environment Agency. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the views of the National Research Foundation, Singapore, the Ministry of National Development, Singapore and National Environment Agency, Singapore. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in NTU research data repository DR-NTU (Data) at https://doi.org/10.21979/N9/SV85OM Funding Information: The authors would like to thank Cassandra Rowe for preparing the sample slides for pollen analysis. The authors wish to express their gratitude to Robin Edwards and Natasha Barlow for their reviews. This research is conducted in part using the research computing facilities and/or advisory services offered by Information Technology Services, the University of Hong Kong. This article is a contribution to PALSEA (Palaeo-Constraints on Sea-Level Rise), HOLSEA and International Geoscience Program (IGCP) Project 639, {\textquoteleft}Sea-Level Changes from Minutes to Millennia{\textquoteright}. This work comprises Earth Observatory of Singapore contribution no. 340. The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This research was supported by the Earth Observatory of Singapore (EOS) grants M4430132.B50-2014 (Singapore Quaternary Geology), M4430139.B50-2015 (Singapore Holocene Sea Level), M4430188.B50-2016 (Singapore Drilling Project), M4430245.B50-2017 and M4430245.B50-2018 (Kallang Basin Project). SC, ADS, TL, HC, TAS and BPH are supported by the Singapore Ministry of Education Academic Research Fund MOE2019-T3-1-004 and MOE2018-T2-1-030, the National Research Foundation Singapore, the Singapore Ministry of Education under the Research Centers of Excellence initiative, and by the Nanyang Technological University. This research is also supported by the National Research Foundation, Prime Minister{\textquoteright}s Office, Singapore and the Ministry of National Development, Singapore under the Urban Solutions & Sustainability – Integration Fund (USS-IF Award No. USS-IF-2020-1). It is part of the National Sea Level Programme under the National Environment Agency. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not reflect the views of the National Research Foundation, Singapore, the Ministry of National Development, Singapore and National Environment Agency, Singapore. The data that support the findings of this study are openly available in NTU research data repository DR-NTU (Data) at https://doi.org/10.21979/N9/SV85OM Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2021.",
year = "2021",
month = sep,
doi = "10.1177/09596836211019096",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "31",
pages = "1376--1390",
journal = "Holocene",
issn = "0959-6836",
publisher = "SAGE Publications Ltd",
number = "9",
}