TY - JOUR
T1 - Beyond universal service
T2 - Characteristics of Americans without telephones, 1980-1993
AU - Schement, Jorge Reina
N1 - Funding Information:
Tomorrow'sE lectronic Environment,jo int-ly sponsored by the Benton Foundation and the Columbia Institute for Tele-Information of Columbia University, Washington, DC, 15 October 1993. The author wishes to acknowledge Andrew Blau of the Benton Foundation,A lex Belin-fante and Laurance Povich of the Federal CommunicationsC ommission,as well as Denise Anderson, KathleenH aspel, Susan Peters and Milton Mueller of Rutgers University, for their valuable contributionst o this paper.
PY - 1995/8
Y1 - 1995/8
N2 - This paper explores the characteristics of Americans who lack home telephone service by drawing on FCC and Census data covering the period 1980-1993. It focuses on groups who have experienced lower than average telephone penetration per household - the elderly, the poor, women and children, blacks and Hispanics, and rural Americans. Income was found to be the single most influential factor in predicting the presence of a telephone in the home, although strong mitigating factors were also identified. Low penetration rates were found among women single heads of households. Low rates were also found among the two minorities studied in comparison with the white majority, even when controlled for income. Finally, the elderly, once thought to suffer from isolation, were found to enjoy higher than average telephone penetration rates. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of lingering questions and proposes considerations for policies that might lead to higher levels of participation.
AB - This paper explores the characteristics of Americans who lack home telephone service by drawing on FCC and Census data covering the period 1980-1993. It focuses on groups who have experienced lower than average telephone penetration per household - the elderly, the poor, women and children, blacks and Hispanics, and rural Americans. Income was found to be the single most influential factor in predicting the presence of a telephone in the home, although strong mitigating factors were also identified. Low penetration rates were found among women single heads of households. Low rates were also found among the two minorities studied in comparison with the white majority, even when controlled for income. Finally, the elderly, once thought to suffer from isolation, were found to enjoy higher than average telephone penetration rates. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of lingering questions and proposes considerations for policies that might lead to higher levels of participation.
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U2 - 10.1016/0308-5961(95)00025-2
DO - 10.1016/0308-5961(95)00025-2
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:0029357923
SN - 0308-5961
VL - 19
SP - 477
EP - 485
JO - Telecommunications Policy
JF - Telecommunications Policy
IS - 6
ER -