Brainstem projection to the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus in the rat: A CCK-containing long ascending pathway

In order to identify the source and topography of cholecystokinin-containing fibers innervating the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus (VMN), radioimmunoassay, immunocytochemistry, retrograde tracing of horseradish peroxidase and anterograde degeneration techniques were used. Cholecystokinin (CCK) disappeared almost totally from the VMN following a caudal diencephalic knife cut, which transected the medial fibers of the internal capsule, and the dorsolateral portion of the medial forebrain bundle at the level of the mammillary body. A number of cells in the ipsilateral dorsal parabrachial nucleus, furthermore, showed intense CCK-like immunoreactivity. The ascending CCK-containing fibers in the lateral part of the medial forebrain bundle reach the VMN from the lateral side. Neither the fibers of the stria terminalis, nor of the medial corticohypothalamic tract seem to carry any significant amount of CCK to the VMN.