TY - JOUR
T1 - Carbon concentrating mechanisms in eukaryotic marine phytoplankton
AU - Reinfelder, John R.
N1 - Copyright:
Copyright 2012 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2011
Y1 - 2011
N2 - The accumulation of inorganic carbon from seawater by eukaryotic marine phytoplankton is limited by the diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in water and the dehydration kinetics of bicarbonate to CO 2 and by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase's (RubisCO) low affinity for its inorganic carbon substrate, CO 2. Nearly all marine phytoplankton have adapted to these limitations and evolved inorganic carbon (or CO 2) concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to support photosynthetic carbon fixation at the concentrations of CO 2 present in ocean surface waters (<10-30 μM). The biophysics and biochemistry of CCMs vary within and among the three dominant groups of eukaryotic marine phytoplankton and may involve the activity of external or intracellular carbonic anhydrase, HCO 3 - transport, and perhaps a C 4 carbon pump. In general, coccolithophores have low-efficiency CCMs, and diatoms and the haptophyte genus Phaeocystis have high-efficiency CCMs. Dinoflagellates appear to possess moderately efficient CCMs, which may be necessitated by the very low CO 2 affinity of their form II RubisCO. The energetic and nutrient costs of CCMs may modulate how variable CO 2 affects primary production, element composition, and species composition of phytoplankton in the ocean.
AB - The accumulation of inorganic carbon from seawater by eukaryotic marine phytoplankton is limited by the diffusion of carbon dioxide (CO 2) in water and the dehydration kinetics of bicarbonate to CO 2 and by ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase's (RubisCO) low affinity for its inorganic carbon substrate, CO 2. Nearly all marine phytoplankton have adapted to these limitations and evolved inorganic carbon (or CO 2) concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) to support photosynthetic carbon fixation at the concentrations of CO 2 present in ocean surface waters (<10-30 μM). The biophysics and biochemistry of CCMs vary within and among the three dominant groups of eukaryotic marine phytoplankton and may involve the activity of external or intracellular carbonic anhydrase, HCO 3 - transport, and perhaps a C 4 carbon pump. In general, coccolithophores have low-efficiency CCMs, and diatoms and the haptophyte genus Phaeocystis have high-efficiency CCMs. Dinoflagellates appear to possess moderately efficient CCMs, which may be necessitated by the very low CO 2 affinity of their form II RubisCO. The energetic and nutrient costs of CCMs may modulate how variable CO 2 affects primary production, element composition, and species composition of phytoplankton in the ocean.
KW - RubisCO
KW - carbon concentrating mechanisms
KW - carbon dioxide
KW - dissolved inorganic carbon
KW - eukaryotic marine phytoplankton
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U2 - 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142720
DO - 10.1146/annurev-marine-120709-142720
M3 - Article
C2 - 21329207
AN - SCOPUS:79953004322
VL - 3
SP - 291
EP - 315
JO - Annual Review of Marine Science
JF - Annual Review of Marine Science
SN - 1941-1405
ER -