Conclusions and recommendations

Due to the beneficial health effects, consumer demand for a variety of fresh produce has increased. The produce is sourced globally with a variety of pre- and postharvest practices that may impact produce safety and quality. An increase in outbreaks has been associated with many produce such as leafy green, tomatoes, cucumbers, and cantaloupes. New farming methods such as vertical farming can introduce unanticipated challenges. Intervention methods based on a sound understanding of microorganisms and produce, good agricultural practices, rapid, sensitive, and accurate pathogen detection technologies, emerging technologies for produce sanitation, and regulations can help control foodborne pathogens and improve produce safety globally.