TY - JOUR
T1 - Considerations for maximizing the exercise “drug” to combat insulin resistance
T2 - role of nutrition, sleep, and alcohol
AU - Remchak, Mary Margaret E.
AU - Piersol, Kelsey L.
AU - Bhatti, Sabha
AU - Spaeth, Andrea M.
AU - Buckman, Jennifer F.
AU - Malin, Steven K.
N1 - Funding Information:
Funding: This research was funded by the National Institutes of Health K02AA025123 (J.F.B.) and RO1-HL130296 (S.K.M.).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/5
Y1 - 2021/5
N2 - Insulin resistance is a key etiological factor in promoting not only type 2 diabetes mellitus but also cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise is a first-line therapy for combating chronic disease by improving insulin action through, in part, reducing hepatic glucose production and lipolysis as well as increasing skeletal muscle glucose uptake and vasodilation. Just like a pharmaceutical agent, exercise can be viewed as a “drug” such that identifying an optimal prescription requires a determination of mode, intensity, and timing as well as consideration of how much exercise is done relative to sitting for prolonged periods (e.g., desk job at work). Furthermore, proximal nutrition (nutrient timing, carbohydrate intake, etc.), sleep (or lack thereof), as well as alcohol consumption are likely important considerations for enhancing adaptations to exercise. Thus, identifying the maximal exercise “drug” for reducing insulin resistance will require a multi-health behavior approach to optimize type 2 diabetes and CVD care.
AB - Insulin resistance is a key etiological factor in promoting not only type 2 diabetes mellitus but also cardiovascular disease (CVD). Exercise is a first-line therapy for combating chronic disease by improving insulin action through, in part, reducing hepatic glucose production and lipolysis as well as increasing skeletal muscle glucose uptake and vasodilation. Just like a pharmaceutical agent, exercise can be viewed as a “drug” such that identifying an optimal prescription requires a determination of mode, intensity, and timing as well as consideration of how much exercise is done relative to sitting for prolonged periods (e.g., desk job at work). Furthermore, proximal nutrition (nutrient timing, carbohydrate intake, etc.), sleep (or lack thereof), as well as alcohol consumption are likely important considerations for enhancing adaptations to exercise. Thus, identifying the maximal exercise “drug” for reducing insulin resistance will require a multi-health behavior approach to optimize type 2 diabetes and CVD care.
KW - Cardiovascular disease
KW - Circadian rhythm
KW - Diet
KW - Endothelial function
KW - Glycemic control
KW - Physical activity
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U2 - 10.3390/nu13051708
DO - 10.3390/nu13051708
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34069950
AN - SCOPUS:85105871880
SN - 2072-6643
VL - 13
JO - Nutrients
JF - Nutrients
IS - 5
M1 - 1708
ER -