TY - JOUR
T1 - Contribution of particle-size-fractionated airborne lead to blood lead during the national health and nutrition examination survey, 1999-2008
AU - Meng, Qingyu
AU - Richmond-Bryant, Jennifer
AU - Davis, J. Allen
AU - Cohen, Jonathan
AU - Svendsgaard, David
AU - Brown, James S.
AU - Tuttle, Lauren
AU - Hubbard, Heidi
AU - Rice, Joann
AU - Vinikoor-Imler, Lisa
AU - Sacks, Jason D.
AU - Kirrane, Ellen
AU - Kotchmar, Dennis
AU - Hines, Erin
AU - Ross, Mary
PY - 2014/1/21
Y1 - 2014/1/21
N2 - The objective of this work is to examine associations between blood lead (PbB) and air lead (PbA) in particulate matter measured at different size cuts by use of PbB concentrations from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and PbA concentrations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for 1999-2008. Three size fractions of particle-bound PbA (TSP, PM10, and PM2.5) data with different averaging times (current and past 90-day average) were utilized. A multilevel linear mixed effect model was used to characterize the PbB-PbA relationship. At 0.15 μg/m3, a unit decrease in PbA in PM10 was significantly associated with a decrease in PbB of 0.3-2.2 μg/dL across age groups and averaging times. For PbA in PM2.5 and TSP, slopes were generally positive but not significant. PbB levels were more sensitive to the change in PbA concentrations for children (1-5 and 6-11 years) and older adults (≥60 years) than teenagers (12-19 years) and adults (20-59 years). For the years following the phase-out of Pb in gasoline and a resulting upward shift in the PbA particle size distribution, PbA in PM10 was a statistically significant predictor of PbB. The results also suggest that age could affect the PbB-PbA association, with children having higher sensitivity than adults.
AB - The objective of this work is to examine associations between blood lead (PbB) and air lead (PbA) in particulate matter measured at different size cuts by use of PbB concentrations from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and PbA concentrations from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for 1999-2008. Three size fractions of particle-bound PbA (TSP, PM10, and PM2.5) data with different averaging times (current and past 90-day average) were utilized. A multilevel linear mixed effect model was used to characterize the PbB-PbA relationship. At 0.15 μg/m3, a unit decrease in PbA in PM10 was significantly associated with a decrease in PbB of 0.3-2.2 μg/dL across age groups and averaging times. For PbA in PM2.5 and TSP, slopes were generally positive but not significant. PbB levels were more sensitive to the change in PbA concentrations for children (1-5 and 6-11 years) and older adults (≥60 years) than teenagers (12-19 years) and adults (20-59 years). For the years following the phase-out of Pb in gasoline and a resulting upward shift in the PbA particle size distribution, PbA in PM10 was a statistically significant predictor of PbB. The results also suggest that age could affect the PbB-PbA association, with children having higher sensitivity than adults.
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U2 - 10.1021/es4039825
DO - 10.1021/es4039825
M3 - Article
C2 - 24345211
AN - SCOPUS:84892696256
SN - 0013-936X
VL - 48
SP - 1263
EP - 1270
JO - Environmental Science and Technology
JF - Environmental Science and Technology
IS - 2
ER -