@article{0767a412b3a04867852b663074d3de6c,
title = "Defining the research agenda to measure and reduce tuberculosis stigmas",
abstract = "Crucial to finding and treating the 4 million tuberculosis (TB) patients currently missed by national TB programmes, TB stigma is receiving well-deserved and longdelayed attention at the global level. However, the ability to measure and evaluate the success of TB stigmareduction efforts is limited by the need for additional tools. At a 2016 TB stigma-measurement meeting held in The Hague, The Netherlands, stigma experts discussed and proposed a research agenda around four themes: 1) drivers: what are the main drivers and domains of TB stigma(s)?; 2) consequences: how consequential are TB stigmas and how are negative impacts most felt?; 3) burden: what is the global prevalence and distribution of TB stigma(s) and what explains any variation? 4): intervention: what can be done to reduce the extent and impact of TB stigma(s)? Each theme was further subdivided into research topics to be addressed to move the agenda forward. These include greater clarity on what causes TB stigmas to emerge and thrive, the difficulty of measuring the complexity of stigma, and the improbability of a universal stigma 'cure'. Nevertheless, these challenges should not hinder investments in the measurement and reduction of TB stigma.We believe it is time to focus on how, and not whether, the global community should measure and reduce TB stigma.",
keywords = "Discrimination, Equity, Human rights, Respect, Social justice",
author = "K. MacIntyre and Bakker, {M. I.} and S. Bergson and R. Bhavaraju and V. Bond and J. Chikovore and C. Colvin and Craig, {G. M.} and Cremers, {A. L.} and A. Daftary and N. Engel and France, {N. Ferris} and E. Jaramillo and M. Kimerling and A. Kipp and S. Krishnaratne and C. Mergenthaler and M. Ngicho and L. Redwood and Rood, {E. J.J.} and N. Sommerland and A. Stangl and {Van Rie}, A. and {Van Brakel}, W. and E. Wouters and A. Zwerling and Mitchell, {E. M.H.}",
note = "Funding Information: The Global Health Bureau, Office of Health, Infectious Disease and Nutrition (HIDN), US Agency for International Development (USAID, Washington DC, USA), financially supports this study through Challenge TB under the terms of Agreement No. AID-OAA-A-14-00029. The authors{\textquoteright} views expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of the USAID or US Government. Conflicts of interest: none declared. Funding Information: *Oxford Health Evaluations, Oxford, UK; †KIT Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam; ‡KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, The Hague, The Netherlands; §Global Tuberculosis Institute, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA; ¶London School of Tropical Medicine & Hygiene, London, UK; #Zambart, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia; **Human Sciences Research Council, Durban, South Africa; ††US Agency for International Development Global Health Bureau, Washington DC, USA; ‡‡Centre for Research in Primary and Community Care, School of Health and Social Work, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK; §§Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ¶¶Department of Epidemiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; ##Department of Health, Ethics & Society/Care And Public Health Research Institute, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; ***The Work for Change/Irish Forum for Global Health, Dublin, Ireland; †††Global TB Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; ‡‡‡Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA; §§§University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; ¶¶¶Department of Sociology, Centre for Longitudinal and Life Course Studies, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; ###International Center for Research on Women, Stigma Action Network Secretariat, Washington DC, USA; ****University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; ††††Netherlands Leprosy Relief, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; ‡‡‡‡Department of Epidemiology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2017 The Union.",
year = "2017",
month = nov,
day = "1",
doi = "10.5588/ijtld.17.0151",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "21",
pages = "S87--S96",
journal = "International Journal of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease",
issn = "1027-3719",
publisher = "International Union against Tubercul. and Lung Dis.",
}