TY - JOUR
T1 - Development of a high-volume concentrated ambient particles system (CAPS) for human and animal inhalation toxicological studies
AU - Demokritou, Philip
AU - Gupta, Tarun
AU - Ferguson, Stephen
AU - Koutrakis, Petros
N1 - Funding Information:
Received 17 May 2002; accepted 6 August 2002. The development and evaluation of the HUCAPS system was supported by the U.S. EPA/Harvard Particle Health Effects Center (U.S. EPA grant R827 353-01-0) and U.S. EPA grant 112356. Address correspondence to Philip Demokritou, PhD, Environmental Science and Engineering Program, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Harvard University, 401 Park Drive, Box 15677, Landmark Center-West, Boston, MA 02215, USA. E-mail: pdemokri@hsph.harvard.edu
PY - 2003/2/1
Y1 - 2003/2/1
N2 - A two-stage, high-volume, ambient particle concentrator was developed and characterized. This versatile system, depending on its operational parameters, can be used to fractionate and concentrate particles in three size ranges (PM10-2.5, PM10-1, PM2.5-1). The performance of this concentrated ambient particle system (CAPS), as well as its individual virtual impaction stages, was investigated as a function of several parameters, including minor-to-total flow ratios and acceleration nozzle Reynolds number. During these laboratory tests, performance parameters such as concentration enrichment factor (CF), particle losses, collection efficiency curves, cutpoint, and pressure drop were measured. The main objective of these investigations was to optimize the ability of the system to concentrate ambient PM2.5-10 and PM1-10 particles. PM2.5-10 particles were concentrated by a factor of 70 to 150. The flow rate of the concentrated aerosol can range between 12.5 and 50 LPM (L/min). Other features of the system include relatively low-pressure drops in the major and minor flows, low particle losses, and a compact design. Performance evaluation of the system also confirmed that separation and concentration of the PM2.5-10 particles occurred without any significant distortion of the size distribution, during the concentration process. Similar results were obtained for the PM1-10 size range. For this size range, concentration enrichment was 70 times, and again, no particle size distribution distortion was observed. The overall performance of this versatile system makes it suitable for inhalation toxicological studies.
AB - A two-stage, high-volume, ambient particle concentrator was developed and characterized. This versatile system, depending on its operational parameters, can be used to fractionate and concentrate particles in three size ranges (PM10-2.5, PM10-1, PM2.5-1). The performance of this concentrated ambient particle system (CAPS), as well as its individual virtual impaction stages, was investigated as a function of several parameters, including minor-to-total flow ratios and acceleration nozzle Reynolds number. During these laboratory tests, performance parameters such as concentration enrichment factor (CF), particle losses, collection efficiency curves, cutpoint, and pressure drop were measured. The main objective of these investigations was to optimize the ability of the system to concentrate ambient PM2.5-10 and PM1-10 particles. PM2.5-10 particles were concentrated by a factor of 70 to 150. The flow rate of the concentrated aerosol can range between 12.5 and 50 LPM (L/min). Other features of the system include relatively low-pressure drops in the major and minor flows, low particle losses, and a compact design. Performance evaluation of the system also confirmed that separation and concentration of the PM2.5-10 particles occurred without any significant distortion of the size distribution, during the concentration process. Similar results were obtained for the PM1-10 size range. For this size range, concentration enrichment was 70 times, and again, no particle size distribution distortion was observed. The overall performance of this versatile system makes it suitable for inhalation toxicological studies.
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U2 - 10.1080/08958370304475
DO - 10.1080/08958370304475
M3 - Article
C2 - 12528042
AN - SCOPUS:0037321357
SN - 0895-8378
VL - 15
SP - 111
EP - 129
JO - Inhalation Toxicology
JF - Inhalation Toxicology
IS - 2
ER -