Diabetic Macular Edema: Pathogenesis and Treatment

Neelakshi Bhagat; Ruben A. Grigorian; Arthur Tutela; Marco A. Zarbin

doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.10.001

Diabetic Macular Edema: Pathogenesis and Treatment

Neelakshi Bhagat, Ruben A. Grigorian, Arthur Tutela, Marco A. Zarbin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review

453 Scopus citations

Abstract

Diabetic macular edema is a major cause of visual impairment. The pathogenesis of macular edema appears to be multifactorial. Laser photocoagulation is the standard of care for macular edema. However, there are cases that are not responsive to laser therapy. Several therapeutic options have been proposed for the treatment of this condition. In this review we discuss several factors and mechanisms implicated in the etiology of macular edema (vasoactive factors, biochemical pathways, anatomical abnormalities). It seems that combined pharmacologic and surgical therapy may be the best approach for the management of macular edema in diabetic patients.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1-32
Number of pages	32
Journal	Survey of ophthalmology
Volume	54
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.10.001
State	Published - Jan 2009

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Ophthalmology

Keywords

AGEs
OCT
PEDF
PKC
RAGE
VEGF
angiotensin II
blood retinal barrier
clinically significant macular edema
diabetic macular edema
intravitreal steroid injection
laser photocoagulation
leukostasis
micropulse sub-threshold laser
retinal thickness analyzer
steroids
vasoactive factors
vitrectomy
vitreoretinal interface

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10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.10.001

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title = "Diabetic Macular Edema: Pathogenesis and Treatment",

abstract = "Diabetic macular edema is a major cause of visual impairment. The pathogenesis of macular edema appears to be multifactorial. Laser photocoagulation is the standard of care for macular edema. However, there are cases that are not responsive to laser therapy. Several therapeutic options have been proposed for the treatment of this condition. In this review we discuss several factors and mechanisms implicated in the etiology of macular edema (vasoactive factors, biochemical pathways, anatomical abnormalities). It seems that combined pharmacologic and surgical therapy may be the best approach for the management of macular edema in diabetic patients.",

keywords = "AGEs, OCT, PEDF, PKC, RAGE, VEGF, angiotensin II, blood retinal barrier, clinically significant macular edema, diabetic macular edema, intravitreal steroid injection, laser photocoagulation, leukostasis, micropulse sub-threshold laser, retinal thickness analyzer, steroids, vasoactive factors, vitrectomy, vitreoretinal interface",

author = "Neelakshi Bhagat and Grigorian, {Ruben A.} and Arthur Tutela and Zarbin, {Marco A.}",

note = "Funding Information: Supported in part by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., the Eye Institute of New Jersey, and the New Jersey Lions Eye Research Foundation. The authors reported no commercial or proprietary interest in any product or concept discussed in this article. The authors would like to acknowledge photographic assistance of Dr. Tatatiana Forfonova and Mr. Michael Lazar, who assisted in the preparation of this manuscript. ",

year = "2009",

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doi = "10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.10.001",

language = "English (US)",

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T2 - Pathogenesis and Treatment

AU - Bhagat, Neelakshi

AU - Grigorian, Ruben A.

AU - Tutela, Arthur

AU - Zarbin, Marco A.

N1 - Funding Information: Supported in part by an unrestricted grant from Research to Prevent Blindness, Inc., the Eye Institute of New Jersey, and the New Jersey Lions Eye Research Foundation. The authors reported no commercial or proprietary interest in any product or concept discussed in this article. The authors would like to acknowledge photographic assistance of Dr. Tatatiana Forfonova and Mr. Michael Lazar, who assisted in the preparation of this manuscript.

PY - 2009/1

Y1 - 2009/1

N2 - Diabetic macular edema is a major cause of visual impairment. The pathogenesis of macular edema appears to be multifactorial. Laser photocoagulation is the standard of care for macular edema. However, there are cases that are not responsive to laser therapy. Several therapeutic options have been proposed for the treatment of this condition. In this review we discuss several factors and mechanisms implicated in the etiology of macular edema (vasoactive factors, biochemical pathways, anatomical abnormalities). It seems that combined pharmacologic and surgical therapy may be the best approach for the management of macular edema in diabetic patients.

AB - Diabetic macular edema is a major cause of visual impairment. The pathogenesis of macular edema appears to be multifactorial. Laser photocoagulation is the standard of care for macular edema. However, there are cases that are not responsive to laser therapy. Several therapeutic options have been proposed for the treatment of this condition. In this review we discuss several factors and mechanisms implicated in the etiology of macular edema (vasoactive factors, biochemical pathways, anatomical abnormalities). It seems that combined pharmacologic and surgical therapy may be the best approach for the management of macular edema in diabetic patients.

KW - AGEs

KW - OCT

KW - PEDF

KW - PKC

KW - RAGE

KW - VEGF

KW - angiotensin II

KW - blood retinal barrier

KW - clinically significant macular edema

KW - diabetic macular edema

KW - intravitreal steroid injection

KW - laser photocoagulation

KW - leukostasis

KW - micropulse sub-threshold laser

KW - retinal thickness analyzer

KW - steroids

KW - vasoactive factors

KW - vitrectomy

KW - vitreoretinal interface

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DO - 10.1016/j.survophthal.2008.10.001

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SN - 0039-6257

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Diabetic Macular Edema: Pathogenesis and Treatment

Abstract

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Keywords

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