@article{d0be489e78af401b82535f3ccef4cb5a,
title = "Divergent consensuses on Arctic amplification influence on midlatitude severe winter weather",
abstract = "The Arctic has warmed more than twice as fast as the global average since the late twentieth century, a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification (AA). Recently, there have been considerable advances in understanding the physical contributions to AA, and progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms that link it to midlatitude weather variability. Observational studies overwhelmingly support that AA is contributing to winter continental cooling. Although some model experiments support the observational evidence, most modelling results show little connection between AA and severe midlatitude weather or suggest the export of excess heating from the Arctic to lower latitudes. Divergent conclusions between model and observational studies, and even intramodel studies, continue to obfuscate a clear understanding of how AA is influencing midlatitude weather.",
author = "J. Cohen and X. Zhang and J. Francis and T. Jung and R. Kwok and J. Overland and Ballinger, {T. J.} and Bhatt, {U. S.} and Chen, {H. W.} and D. Coumou and S. Feldstein and H. Gu and D. Handorf and G. Henderson and M. Ionita and M. Kretschmer and F. Laliberte and S. Lee and Linderholm, {H. W.} and W. Maslowski and Y. Peings and K. Pfeiffer and I. Rigor and T. Semmler and J. Stroeve and Taylor, {P. C.} and S. Vavrus and T. Vihma and S. Wang and M. Wendisch and Y. Wu and J. Yoon",
note = "Funding Information: We thank R. Blackport, C. Deser, L. Sun, J. Screen and D. Smith for discussions and suggested revisions to the manuscript. We also thank J. Screen and L. Sun for model data. A. Amin helped to create Fig. 2. US CLIVAR logistically and financially supported the Arctic-Midlatitude Working Group and Arctic Change and its Influence on Mid-Latitude Climate and Weather workshop that resulted in this article. J.C. is supported by the US National Science Foundation grants AGS-1657748 and PLR-1504361, 1901352. M.W. acknowledges funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft project no. 268020496– TRR 172, within the Transregional Collaborative Research Center “Arctic Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and Surface Processes, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3”. T.V. was supported by the Academy of Finland grant 317999. J.O. was supported by the NOAA Arctic Research Program. J.F. was supported by the Woods Hole Research Center. S.W. and H.G. are supported by the US DOE Award Number DE-SC0016605. J.Y. was supported by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under grant KMI2018-01015 and National Research Foundation grant NRF_2017R1A2B4007480. D.H. is supported by the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers (grant FKZ HRSF-0036, project POLEX). The authors acknowledge the World Climate Research Programme{\textquoteright}s Working Group on Coupled Modelling, which is responsible for CMIP, and thank the climate modelling groups (listed in Supplementary Table 1) for producing and making available their model output. For CMIP, the US Department of Energy{\textquoteright}s PCMDI provides coordinating support and led development of software infrastructure in partnership with the Global Organization for Earth System Science Portals. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019, Springer Nature Limited.",
year = "2020",
month = jan,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41558-019-0662-y",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "10",
pages = "20--29",
journal = "Nature Climate Change",
issn = "1758-678X",
publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",
number = "1",
}