TY - JOUR
T1 - Diversity of adult neural stem and progenitor cells in physiology and disease
AU - Finkel, Zachary
AU - Esteban, Fatima
AU - Rodriguez, Brianna
AU - Fu, Tianyue
AU - Ai, Xin
AU - Cai, Li
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - Adult neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) contribute to learning, memory, maintenance of homeostasis, energy metabolism and many other essential processes. They are highly heterogeneous populations that require input from a regionally distinct microenvironment including a mix of neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, NG2+ glia, vasculature, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and others. The diversity of NSPCs is present in all three major parts of the CNS, i.e., the brain, spinal cord, and retina. Intrinsic and extrinsic signals, e.g., neurotrophic and growth factors, master transcription factors, and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), collectively regulate activities and characteristics of NSPCs: quiescence/survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and integration. This review discusses the heterogeneous NSPC populations in the normal physiology and highlights their potentials and roles in injured/diseased states for regenerative medicine.
AB - Adult neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPCs) contribute to learning, memory, maintenance of homeostasis, energy metabolism and many other essential processes. They are highly heterogeneous populations that require input from a regionally distinct microenvironment including a mix of neurons, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, ependymal cells, NG2+ glia, vasculature, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and others. The diversity of NSPCs is present in all three major parts of the CNS, i.e., the brain, spinal cord, and retina. Intrinsic and extrinsic signals, e.g., neurotrophic and growth factors, master transcription factors, and mechanical properties of the extracellular matrix (ECM), collectively regulate activities and characteristics of NSPCs: quiescence/survival, proliferation, migration, differentiation, and integration. This review discusses the heterogeneous NSPC populations in the normal physiology and highlights their potentials and roles in injured/diseased states for regenerative medicine.
KW - Central nervous system (CNS)
KW - Ependymal cells
KW - NG2+ cells
KW - Neural stem and progenitor cells (NSPC)
KW - Neurodegenerative diseases
KW - Regenerative medicine
KW - Retina injury
KW - Spinal cord injury (SCI)
KW - Traumatic brain injury (TBI)
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U2 - 10.3390/cells10082045
DO - 10.3390/cells10082045
M3 - Review article
C2 - 34440814
AN - SCOPUS:85115136271
SN - 2073-4409
VL - 10
JO - Cells
JF - Cells
IS - 8
M1 - 2045
ER -