Economic trends and comparisons for optimizing grid-outage resilient photovoltaic and battery systems

Stamatis Tsianikas; Jian Zhou; Dunbar P. Birnie; David W. Coit

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113892

Economic trends and comparisons for optimizing grid-outage resilient photovoltaic and battery systems

Stamatis Tsianikas, Jian Zhou, Dunbar P. Birnie, David W. Coit

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

This paper investigates the trade-off between two critical factors that influence, or even dictate, the rate of adoption of battery systems used to support photovoltaic arrays. The value of lost load and battery price greatly influence the island mode generation capability and the economic viability of photovoltaic + battery systems to provide energy resilience during grid outages. Photovoltaic array systems combined with battery storage are increasingly important to assure reliable and resilient power supply. It has been found that the configuration of photovoltaic + battery systems, which determines their capability of operating in island mode in response to grid outages, is impacted by multiple factors. Recent industry reports and research work have highlighted the critical role that energy storage systems will have in the coming future in the electricity sector, especially when combined with renewable energy systems. The fact that forecasts predict a sharp decline in battery price not only strengthens this role but also makes the need for extensive research in this area more important. A simulation-based optimization method is developed to investigate the effects of value of lost load and battery price on the balance between total system cost and system islanding resilience to meet customer demand during a grid outage. According to actual solar irradiation data and the load profile of a hospital, a case study is conducted in which evaluation metrics are computed and compared from both resilience and economical aspects. The underlying relationship between the changes and uncertainty of value of lost load and battery price are explored by comparing the optimal total system cost under two distinct scenarios. The results provide us with guidance and insights regarding the impact of cost-related factors on photovoltaic + battery system design to make them grid-outage resilient and economically viable. Moreover, this work illustrates the positive effect that the anticipated decline in battery price will have in enhancing the resilience and effectiveness of renewable energy systems combined with energy storage.

Original language	English (US)
Article number	113892
Journal	Applied Energy
Volume	256
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113892
State	Published - Dec 15 2019

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Building and Construction
Mechanical Engineering
Energy(all)
Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law

Keywords

Battery storage
Island generation system
Optimal system size
Photovoltaic power system
Resilience

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10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113892

Cite this

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title = "Economic trends and comparisons for optimizing grid-outage resilient photovoltaic and battery systems",

abstract = "This paper investigates the trade-off between two critical factors that influence, or even dictate, the rate of adoption of battery systems used to support photovoltaic arrays. The value of lost load and battery price greatly influence the island mode generation capability and the economic viability of photovoltaic + battery systems to provide energy resilience during grid outages. Photovoltaic array systems combined with battery storage are increasingly important to assure reliable and resilient power supply. It has been found that the configuration of photovoltaic + battery systems, which determines their capability of operating in island mode in response to grid outages, is impacted by multiple factors. Recent industry reports and research work have highlighted the critical role that energy storage systems will have in the coming future in the electricity sector, especially when combined with renewable energy systems. The fact that forecasts predict a sharp decline in battery price not only strengthens this role but also makes the need for extensive research in this area more important. A simulation-based optimization method is developed to investigate the effects of value of lost load and battery price on the balance between total system cost and system islanding resilience to meet customer demand during a grid outage. According to actual solar irradiation data and the load profile of a hospital, a case study is conducted in which evaluation metrics are computed and compared from both resilience and economical aspects. The underlying relationship between the changes and uncertainty of value of lost load and battery price are explored by comparing the optimal total system cost under two distinct scenarios. The results provide us with guidance and insights regarding the impact of cost-related factors on photovoltaic + battery system design to make them grid-outage resilient and economically viable. Moreover, this work illustrates the positive effect that the anticipated decline in battery price will have in enhancing the resilience and effectiveness of renewable energy systems combined with energy storage.",

keywords = "Battery storage, Island generation system, Optimal system size, Photovoltaic power system, Resilience",

author = "Stamatis Tsianikas and Jian Zhou and Birnie, {Dunbar P.} and Coit, {David W.}",

note = "Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge the help of Dr. Frank A. Felder. Furthermore, support from the Corning/Saint-Gobain/Malcolm G. McLaren Endowment at Rutgers University is gratefully acknowledged. Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge the help of Dr. Frank A. Felder. Furthermore, support from the Corning/Saint-Gobain/Malcolm G. McLaren Endowment at Rutgers University is gratefully acknowledged. Datasets related to this article can be found at https://openei.org/datasets/dataset/commercial-and-residential-hourly-load-profiles-for-all-tmy3-locations-in-the-united-states, an open-source online data repository provided by Open EI [34] and at https://maps.nrel.gov/nsrdb-viewer, an open-source online repository provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory [35]. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2019 Elsevier Ltd",

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doi = "10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113892",

language = "English (US)",

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journal = "Applied Energy",

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AU - Zhou, Jian

AU - Birnie, Dunbar P.

AU - Coit, David W.

N1 - Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge the help of Dr. Frank A. Felder. Furthermore, support from the Corning/Saint-Gobain/Malcolm G. McLaren Endowment at Rutgers University is gratefully acknowledged. Funding Information: The authors would like to acknowledge the help of Dr. Frank A. Felder. Furthermore, support from the Corning/Saint-Gobain/Malcolm G. McLaren Endowment at Rutgers University is gratefully acknowledged. Datasets related to this article can be found at https://openei.org/datasets/dataset/commercial-and-residential-hourly-load-profiles-for-all-tmy3-locations-in-the-united-states, an open-source online data repository provided by Open EI [34] and at https://maps.nrel.gov/nsrdb-viewer, an open-source online repository provided by the National Renewable Energy Laboratory [35]. Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Elsevier Ltd

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N2 - This paper investigates the trade-off between two critical factors that influence, or even dictate, the rate of adoption of battery systems used to support photovoltaic arrays. The value of lost load and battery price greatly influence the island mode generation capability and the economic viability of photovoltaic + battery systems to provide energy resilience during grid outages. Photovoltaic array systems combined with battery storage are increasingly important to assure reliable and resilient power supply. It has been found that the configuration of photovoltaic + battery systems, which determines their capability of operating in island mode in response to grid outages, is impacted by multiple factors. Recent industry reports and research work have highlighted the critical role that energy storage systems will have in the coming future in the electricity sector, especially when combined with renewable energy systems. The fact that forecasts predict a sharp decline in battery price not only strengthens this role but also makes the need for extensive research in this area more important. A simulation-based optimization method is developed to investigate the effects of value of lost load and battery price on the balance between total system cost and system islanding resilience to meet customer demand during a grid outage. According to actual solar irradiation data and the load profile of a hospital, a case study is conducted in which evaluation metrics are computed and compared from both resilience and economical aspects. The underlying relationship between the changes and uncertainty of value of lost load and battery price are explored by comparing the optimal total system cost under two distinct scenarios. The results provide us with guidance and insights regarding the impact of cost-related factors on photovoltaic + battery system design to make them grid-outage resilient and economically viable. Moreover, this work illustrates the positive effect that the anticipated decline in battery price will have in enhancing the resilience and effectiveness of renewable energy systems combined with energy storage.

AB - This paper investigates the trade-off between two critical factors that influence, or even dictate, the rate of adoption of battery systems used to support photovoltaic arrays. The value of lost load and battery price greatly influence the island mode generation capability and the economic viability of photovoltaic + battery systems to provide energy resilience during grid outages. Photovoltaic array systems combined with battery storage are increasingly important to assure reliable and resilient power supply. It has been found that the configuration of photovoltaic + battery systems, which determines their capability of operating in island mode in response to grid outages, is impacted by multiple factors. Recent industry reports and research work have highlighted the critical role that energy storage systems will have in the coming future in the electricity sector, especially when combined with renewable energy systems. The fact that forecasts predict a sharp decline in battery price not only strengthens this role but also makes the need for extensive research in this area more important. A simulation-based optimization method is developed to investigate the effects of value of lost load and battery price on the balance between total system cost and system islanding resilience to meet customer demand during a grid outage. According to actual solar irradiation data and the load profile of a hospital, a case study is conducted in which evaluation metrics are computed and compared from both resilience and economical aspects. The underlying relationship between the changes and uncertainty of value of lost load and battery price are explored by comparing the optimal total system cost under two distinct scenarios. The results provide us with guidance and insights regarding the impact of cost-related factors on photovoltaic + battery system design to make them grid-outage resilient and economically viable. Moreover, this work illustrates the positive effect that the anticipated decline in battery price will have in enhancing the resilience and effectiveness of renewable energy systems combined with energy storage.

KW - Battery storage

KW - Island generation system

KW - Optimal system size

KW - Photovoltaic power system

KW - Resilience

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JF - Applied Energy

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ER -

Economic trends and comparisons for optimizing grid-outage resilient photovoltaic and battery systems

Abstract

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Keywords

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