TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of a flavonoid-enriched orange peel extract against type 2 diabetes in the obese ZDF rat model
AU - Gosslau, Alexander
AU - Zachariah, Emmanuel
AU - Li, Shiming
AU - Ho, Chi Tang
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018
PY - 2018/12
Y1 - 2018/12
N2 - Effects of an enriched orange peel extract (OPE)against type 2 diabetes (T2D)were analyzed in ZDF rats which were hyperglycemic, dyslipidemic and express pro-inflammatory markers. Glucose related parameters were lowered in the lean control and metformin group as compared to ZDF vehicle controls. OPE was well tolerated and induced a decline in fasted blood glucose and increase levels of fed glucose although to a lesser degree as compared to metformin. However, OPE did not improve glucose tolerance but showed significantly elevated glucose levels. Furthermore, OPE treatment caused an increase of free fatty acids in a dose-responsive manner as well as elevated levels of cholesterol and LDL. The analysis of inflammatory mediators revealed a significant down-regulation of COX-2, ICAM-1, and TNF-α in epididymal adipose tissue in response to OPE to a higher degree as compared to ibuprofen. In whole blood, IL-4 was upregulated in a dose-responsive manner as measured by ELISA. In summary, lipophilic OPE showed strong anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue, ambivalent effects against hyperglycemia, whereas hyperlipidemia was increased. Our study emphasize the complexity of anti-diabetic regimen suggesting a treatment with OPE to reduce inflammation in adipose tissue in combination with antidiabetic therapeutics as promising strategy against T2D.
AB - Effects of an enriched orange peel extract (OPE)against type 2 diabetes (T2D)were analyzed in ZDF rats which were hyperglycemic, dyslipidemic and express pro-inflammatory markers. Glucose related parameters were lowered in the lean control and metformin group as compared to ZDF vehicle controls. OPE was well tolerated and induced a decline in fasted blood glucose and increase levels of fed glucose although to a lesser degree as compared to metformin. However, OPE did not improve glucose tolerance but showed significantly elevated glucose levels. Furthermore, OPE treatment caused an increase of free fatty acids in a dose-responsive manner as well as elevated levels of cholesterol and LDL. The analysis of inflammatory mediators revealed a significant down-regulation of COX-2, ICAM-1, and TNF-α in epididymal adipose tissue in response to OPE to a higher degree as compared to ibuprofen. In whole blood, IL-4 was upregulated in a dose-responsive manner as measured by ELISA. In summary, lipophilic OPE showed strong anti-inflammatory effects in adipose tissue, ambivalent effects against hyperglycemia, whereas hyperlipidemia was increased. Our study emphasize the complexity of anti-diabetic regimen suggesting a treatment with OPE to reduce inflammation in adipose tissue in combination with antidiabetic therapeutics as promising strategy against T2D.
KW - Chronic inflammation
KW - Obesity
KW - Orange peel
KW - Type 2 diabetes
KW - Zucker diabetic fatty rats
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85079828620&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85079828620&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.fshw.2018.10.001
DO - 10.1016/j.fshw.2018.10.001
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85079828620
SN - 2213-4530
VL - 7
SP - 244
EP - 251
JO - Food Science and Human Wellness
JF - Food Science and Human Wellness
IS - 4
ER -