TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of lifestyle intervention on plasma trimethylamine N-oxide in obese adults
AU - Erickson, Melissa L.
AU - Malin, Steven K.
AU - Wang, Zeneng
AU - Mark Brown, J.
AU - Hazen, Stanley L.
AU - Kirwan, John P.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health grants, including R01AG12834 (J.P.K.), 1UL1RR024989 (J.P.K.), R01HL122283 (J.M.B.), and P50AA024333 (J.M.B.), HL103866 (S.L.H.), HL126827 (S.L.H.), DK106000 (S.L.H.) and HL130819 (Z.W.).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2019/1/1
Y1 - 2019/1/1
N2 - Accumulating evidence linking trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has prompted interest in developing therapeutic strategies to reduce its production. We compared two lifestyle intervention approaches: hypocaloric versus eucaloric diet, combined with exercise, on TMAO levels in relation to CVD risk factors. Sixteen obese adults (66.1 ± 4.4 years, BMI (body mass index): 35.9 ± 5.3 kg/m 2 , fasting glucose: 106 ± 16 mg/dL, 2-h PPG (postprandial glucose): 168 ± 37 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of exercise (5 days/week, 80–85% HR max (maximal heart rate)) plus either a hypocaloric (HYPO) (−500 kcal) or a eucaloric (EU) diet. Outcomes included plasma TMAO, glucose metabolism (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps for glucose disposal rates (GDR)), exercise capacity (VO 2max , maximal oxygen consumption), abdominal adiposity (computed tomography scans), cholesterol, and triglycerides. Results showed that body composition (body weight, subcutaneous adiposity), insulin sensitivity, VO 2max , and cholesterol all improved (p < 0.05). HYPO decreased the percentage change in TMAO compared to an increase after EU (HYPO: −31 ± 0.4% vs. EU: 32 ± 0.6%, p = 0.04). Absolute TMAO levels were not impacted (HYPO: p = 0.09 or EU: p = 0.53 group). The change in TMAO after intervention was inversely correlated with baseline visceral adipose tissue (r = −0.63, p = 0.009) and GDR (r = 0.58, p = 0.002). A hypocaloric diet and exercise approach appears to be effective in reducing TMAO. Larger trials are needed to support this observation.
AB - Accumulating evidence linking trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has prompted interest in developing therapeutic strategies to reduce its production. We compared two lifestyle intervention approaches: hypocaloric versus eucaloric diet, combined with exercise, on TMAO levels in relation to CVD risk factors. Sixteen obese adults (66.1 ± 4.4 years, BMI (body mass index): 35.9 ± 5.3 kg/m 2 , fasting glucose: 106 ± 16 mg/dL, 2-h PPG (postprandial glucose): 168 ± 37 mg/dL) were randomly assigned to 12 weeks of exercise (5 days/week, 80–85% HR max (maximal heart rate)) plus either a hypocaloric (HYPO) (−500 kcal) or a eucaloric (EU) diet. Outcomes included plasma TMAO, glucose metabolism (oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps for glucose disposal rates (GDR)), exercise capacity (VO 2max , maximal oxygen consumption), abdominal adiposity (computed tomography scans), cholesterol, and triglycerides. Results showed that body composition (body weight, subcutaneous adiposity), insulin sensitivity, VO 2max , and cholesterol all improved (p < 0.05). HYPO decreased the percentage change in TMAO compared to an increase after EU (HYPO: −31 ± 0.4% vs. EU: 32 ± 0.6%, p = 0.04). Absolute TMAO levels were not impacted (HYPO: p = 0.09 or EU: p = 0.53 group). The change in TMAO after intervention was inversely correlated with baseline visceral adipose tissue (r = −0.63, p = 0.009) and GDR (r = 0.58, p = 0.002). A hypocaloric diet and exercise approach appears to be effective in reducing TMAO. Larger trials are needed to support this observation.
KW - Caloric restriction
KW - Cardiovascular disease risk factors
KW - Exercise
KW - Gut microbiome
KW - Lifestyle intervention
KW - Obesity
KW - Trimethylamine N-oxide
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U2 - 10.3390/nu11010179
DO - 10.3390/nu11010179
M3 - Article
C2 - 30654453
AN - SCOPUS:85060153812
SN - 2072-6643
VL - 11
JO - Nutrients
JF - Nutrients
IS - 1
M1 - 179
ER -