Electromagnetic forward-scattering measurements over a known, controlled sea surface at grazing

Jerry R. Smith; Steven J. Russell; Barry E. Brown; Paul M. Haldeman; D. Dan Hayden; Donald G. Morgan; Robert D. Pierce; Jerry W. Shan; William T. Stephens; Mark S. Mirotznik

doi:10.1109/TGRS.2004.826783

Electromagnetic forward-scattering measurements over a known, controlled sea surface at grazing

Jerry R. Smith, Steven J. Russell, Barry E. Brown, Paul M. Haldeman, D. Dan Hayden, Donald G. Morgan, Robert D. Pierce, Jerry W. Shan, William T. Stephens, Mark S. Mirotznik

Engn - Mech & Aerospace Engn

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

18 Scopus citations

Abstract

A series of low-angle radar measurements were conducted over a large wave pool capable of producing a wide range of scaled sea conditions. The X-band (8-12 GHz) measurements were performed for 1°, 3°, and 5° look down angles (LDAs) for the HH and VV polarizations. The roughened water simulated a one-dimensional 1/10th-scale Pierson-Moskowitz surface at sea states 0, 3, and 5. The wave profiles were detailed using both ultrasonic point detectors and a laser sheeting technique capable of measuring a cross section of the sea. The compiled data represent the first forward-scattering measurement 1) preformed under a variety of controlled conditions for low grazing angles and 2) with detail profiling of the wave structure syncronized with the radar. Presented are the experimental setup with calibration methodology, measurement conditions, and selected radio-frequency forward-scattering (HH polarization) results for the 5° LDA for sea state 0, 3, and 5 sea conditions.

Original language	English (US)
Pages (from-to)	1197-1207
Number of pages	11
Journal	IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing
Volume	42
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.826783
State	Published - Jun 2004

All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes

Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Earth and Planetary Sciences(all)

Keywords

Electromagnetic scattering by rough surfaces
Sea surface electromagnetic scattering

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10.1109/TGRS.2004.826783

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Smith, J. R., Russell, S. J., Brown, B. E., Haldeman, P. M., Dan Hayden, D., Morgan, D. G., Pierce, R. D., Shan, J. W., Stephens, W. T., & Mirotznik, M. S. (2004). Electromagnetic forward-scattering measurements over a known, controlled sea surface at grazing. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 42(6), 1197-1207. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2004.826783

Smith, Jerry R. ; Russell, Steven J. ; Brown, Barry E. ; Haldeman, Paul M. ; Dan Hayden, D. ; Morgan, Donald G. ; Pierce, Robert D. ; Shan, Jerry W. ; Stephens, William T. ; Mirotznik, Mark S. / Electromagnetic forward-scattering measurements over a known, controlled sea surface at grazing. In: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing. 2004 ; Vol. 42, No. 6. pp. 1197-1207.

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title = "Electromagnetic forward-scattering measurements over a known, controlled sea surface at grazing",

abstract = "A series of low-angle radar measurements were conducted over a large wave pool capable of producing a wide range of scaled sea conditions. The X-band (8-12 GHz) measurements were performed for 1°, 3°, and 5° look down angles (LDAs) for the HH and VV polarizations. The roughened water simulated a one-dimensional 1/10th-scale Pierson-Moskowitz surface at sea states 0, 3, and 5. The wave profiles were detailed using both ultrasonic point detectors and a laser sheeting technique capable of measuring a cross section of the sea. The compiled data represent the first forward-scattering measurement 1) preformed under a variety of controlled conditions for low grazing angles and 2) with detail profiling of the wave structure syncronized with the radar. Presented are the experimental setup with calibration methodology, measurement conditions, and selected radio-frequency forward-scattering (HH polarization) results for the 5° LDA for sea state 0, 3, and 5 sea conditions.",

keywords = "Electromagnetic scattering by rough surfaces, Sea surface electromagnetic scattering",

author = "Smith, {Jerry R.} and Russell, {Steven J.} and Brown, {Barry E.} and Haldeman, {Paul M.} and {Dan Hayden}, D. and Morgan, {Donald G.} and Pierce, {Robert D.} and Shan, {Jerry W.} and Stephens, {William T.} and Mirotznik, {Mark S.}",

note = "Funding Information: Manuscript received August 1, 2003; revised February 5, 2004. This work was supported the Office of Naval Research. J. R. Smith, S. J. Russell, B. E. Brown, P. M. Haldeman, D. D. Hayden, D. G. Morgan, R. D. Pierce, W. T. Stephens, and M. S. Mirotznik are with the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD), West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA (e-mail: smithjr@nswccd.navy.mil). J. W. Shan is with the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TGRS.2004.826783 Funding Information: The authors wish to acknowledge the indispensable efforts of J. Stratton, L. Martin, A. Luna, and J. Dreher for their support with the design and operation of the test fixtures. Additionally, the authors gratefully acknowledge the support of R. Radlinski and the Office of Naval Research for funding this project.",

year = "2004",

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doi = "10.1109/TGRS.2004.826783",

language = "English (US)",

volume = "42",

pages = "1197--1207",

journal = "IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing",

issn = "0196-2892",

publisher = "Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.",

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Electromagnetic forward-scattering measurements over a known, controlled sea surface at grazing. / Smith, Jerry R.; Russell, Steven J.; Brown, Barry E.; Haldeman, Paul M.; Dan Hayden, D.; Morgan, Donald G.; Pierce, Robert D.; Shan, Jerry W.; Stephens, William T.; Mirotznik, Mark S.

In: IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 42, No. 6, 06.2004, p. 1197-1207.

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

TY - JOUR

T1 - Electromagnetic forward-scattering measurements over a known, controlled sea surface at grazing

AU - Smith, Jerry R.

AU - Russell, Steven J.

AU - Brown, Barry E.

AU - Haldeman, Paul M.

AU - Dan Hayden, D.

AU - Morgan, Donald G.

AU - Pierce, Robert D.

AU - Shan, Jerry W.

AU - Stephens, William T.

AU - Mirotznik, Mark S.

N1 - Funding Information: Manuscript received August 1, 2003; revised February 5, 2004. This work was supported the Office of Naval Research. J. R. Smith, S. J. Russell, B. E. Brown, P. M. Haldeman, D. D. Hayden, D. G. Morgan, R. D. Pierce, W. T. Stephens, and M. S. Mirotznik are with the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD), West Bethesda, MD 20817 USA (e-mail: smithjr@nswccd.navy.mil). J. W. Shan is with the Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TGRS.2004.826783 Funding Information: The authors wish to acknowledge the indispensable efforts of J. Stratton, L. Martin, A. Luna, and J. Dreher for their support with the design and operation of the test fixtures. Additionally, the authors gratefully acknowledge the support of R. Radlinski and the Office of Naval Research for funding this project.

PY - 2004/6

Y1 - 2004/6

N2 - A series of low-angle radar measurements were conducted over a large wave pool capable of producing a wide range of scaled sea conditions. The X-band (8-12 GHz) measurements were performed for 1°, 3°, and 5° look down angles (LDAs) for the HH and VV polarizations. The roughened water simulated a one-dimensional 1/10th-scale Pierson-Moskowitz surface at sea states 0, 3, and 5. The wave profiles were detailed using both ultrasonic point detectors and a laser sheeting technique capable of measuring a cross section of the sea. The compiled data represent the first forward-scattering measurement 1) preformed under a variety of controlled conditions for low grazing angles and 2) with detail profiling of the wave structure syncronized with the radar. Presented are the experimental setup with calibration methodology, measurement conditions, and selected radio-frequency forward-scattering (HH polarization) results for the 5° LDA for sea state 0, 3, and 5 sea conditions.

AB - A series of low-angle radar measurements were conducted over a large wave pool capable of producing a wide range of scaled sea conditions. The X-band (8-12 GHz) measurements were performed for 1°, 3°, and 5° look down angles (LDAs) for the HH and VV polarizations. The roughened water simulated a one-dimensional 1/10th-scale Pierson-Moskowitz surface at sea states 0, 3, and 5. The wave profiles were detailed using both ultrasonic point detectors and a laser sheeting technique capable of measuring a cross section of the sea. The compiled data represent the first forward-scattering measurement 1) preformed under a variety of controlled conditions for low grazing angles and 2) with detail profiling of the wave structure syncronized with the radar. Presented are the experimental setup with calibration methodology, measurement conditions, and selected radio-frequency forward-scattering (HH polarization) results for the 5° LDA for sea state 0, 3, and 5 sea conditions.

KW - Electromagnetic scattering by rough surfaces

KW - Sea surface electromagnetic scattering

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JO - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

JF - IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing

SN - 0196-2892

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ER -

Electromagnetic forward-scattering measurements over a known, controlled sea surface at grazing

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