TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhanced Growth and Immune Development in Dwarf Chickens Treated with Mammalian Growth Hormone and Thyroxine
AU - Marsh, James A.
AU - Gause, William C.
AU - Sandhu, Sandy
AU - Scanes, Colin G.
N1 - Funding Information:
These studies were supported in part by Project NY(C) 157435, Regional Project S-169, and a grant from the Upjohn Company. This is a paper of Journal Series NJAES Project 06141.
PY - 1984/3
Y1 - 1984/3
N2 - The effects of growth hormone and/or thyroxine treatments on antibody production, primary lymphoid organ development, and general body growth were examined in two dwarf strains (sex-linked dwarf—SLD, and autosomal dwarf—ADW) and in a normal-growing strain (K) of White Leghorn chickens. One-day-old male chicks were assigned to experimental groups and were treated either with thyroxine (T4) feed supplements or daily mammalian growth hormone (GH) injections or a combination of these treatments (T4/GH). Within the SLD strain, GH treatments resulted in a significant enhancement (P < 0.005) of humoral immune responsiveness and bursal growth while T4 treatments significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated thymic growth. Overall growth in the SLD was also stimulated by T4 treatments. GH and/or T4 treatments had no specific effects on primary lymphoid organ growth in the ADW strain but either treatment separately resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in overall body size. None of the treatments significantly (P > 0.05) affected any of these parameters in the K-strain controls. Supplementation with T4 significantly elevated serum T4 levels within all strains. There were, however, no significant differences in the serum levels of T4 between strains within any of the treatment groups. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) levels were significantly lower in all treatment groups of the SLD as compared to the K-strain control. ADW serum T3 levels were significantly lower than the K-strain only in the T4-treated group. No differences (P > 0.05) were found between the dwarf and control strains in endogeneous GH levels, although mammalian GH treatments did produce significant changes in serum T3 and T4 levels within the K-strain. These results provide evidence that hormonal manipulations can significantly affect body growth, primary lymphoid organ development, and immune function in the dwarf strains studied and suggest these strains may be useful models for future studies on hormonal interactions and immune function.
AB - The effects of growth hormone and/or thyroxine treatments on antibody production, primary lymphoid organ development, and general body growth were examined in two dwarf strains (sex-linked dwarf—SLD, and autosomal dwarf—ADW) and in a normal-growing strain (K) of White Leghorn chickens. One-day-old male chicks were assigned to experimental groups and were treated either with thyroxine (T4) feed supplements or daily mammalian growth hormone (GH) injections or a combination of these treatments (T4/GH). Within the SLD strain, GH treatments resulted in a significant enhancement (P < 0.005) of humoral immune responsiveness and bursal growth while T4 treatments significantly (P < 0.05) stimulated thymic growth. Overall growth in the SLD was also stimulated by T4 treatments. GH and/or T4 treatments had no specific effects on primary lymphoid organ growth in the ADW strain but either treatment separately resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in overall body size. None of the treatments significantly (P > 0.05) affected any of these parameters in the K-strain controls. Supplementation with T4 significantly elevated serum T4 levels within all strains. There were, however, no significant differences in the serum levels of T4 between strains within any of the treatment groups. Serum triiodothyronine (T3) levels were significantly lower in all treatment groups of the SLD as compared to the K-strain control. ADW serum T3 levels were significantly lower than the K-strain only in the T4-treated group. No differences (P > 0.05) were found between the dwarf and control strains in endogeneous GH levels, although mammalian GH treatments did produce significant changes in serum T3 and T4 levels within the K-strain. These results provide evidence that hormonal manipulations can significantly affect body growth, primary lymphoid organ development, and immune function in the dwarf strains studied and suggest these strains may be useful models for future studies on hormonal interactions and immune function.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0021226767&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=0021226767&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3181/00379727-175-41806
DO - 10.3181/00379727-175-41806
M3 - Article
C2 - 6694983
AN - SCOPUS:0021226767
SN - 0037-9727
VL - 175
SP - 351
EP - 360
JO - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
JF - Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine
IS - 3
ER -