Gaussian Processes for improving orbit prediction accuracy

A machine learning (ML) approach has been recently proposed to improve the orbit prediction accuracy of resident space objects (RSOs) through learning from historical data. Previous results have shown that the ML approach can successfully improve the point estimation accuracy. This paper extends the ML approach by introducing Gaussian Processes (GPs) which can generate uncertainty information about its point estimate. Both the simulation environment and the publicly available RSO catalogs are used to test the advanced ML approach. Numerical results demonstrate that the trained GP model can effectively improve the orbit prediction accuracy and generate uncertainty boundaries with high performance. Discussions and insights are also presented during the investigation using real data, including suggestions on designing learning variables and the possible causes for some unsatisfying results.