TY - JOUR
T1 - Gender and Racial Disparity Among Liver Transplantation Professionals
T2 - Report of a Global Survey
AU - Aguilera, Victoria
AU - Andacoglu, Oya
AU - Francoz, Claire
AU - Berlakovich, Gabriela
AU - Pai, Sher Lu
AU - Adelmann, Dieter
AU - Ghosh, Simantika
AU - Lunsford, Keri E.
AU - Montenovo, Martin
AU - Mrzljak, Anna
AU - Scalera, Irene
AU - Xie, Qinfen
AU - Becchetti, Chiara
AU - Berenguer, Marina
AU - Selzner, Nazia
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was carried by Equality, Diversity and Inclusion (EDI) Committee of The International Liver Transplant Society (ILTS).
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Aguilera, Andacoglu, Francoz, Berlakovich, Pai, Adelmann, Ghosh, Lunsford, Montenovo, Mrzljak, Scalera, Xie, Becchetti, Berenguer and Selzner.
PY - 2022/8/16
Y1 - 2022/8/16
N2 - Equality, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) are fundamental principles. Little is known about the pattern of practice and perceptions of EDI among liver transplant (LT) providers. International Liver Transplant Society (ILTS) EDI Committee survey around topics related to discrimination, mentorship, and gender. Answers were collected and analyzed anonymously. Worldwide female leadership was also queried via publicly available data. The survey was e-mailed to 1312 ILTS members, 199 responses (40.7% female) were collected from 38 countries (15.2% response rate). Almost half were surgeons (45.7%), 27.6% hepatologists and 26.6% anesthetists. Among 856 LT programs worldwide, 8.2% of leadership positions were held by females, and 22% of division chiefs were female across all specialties. Sixty-eight of respondents (34.7%) reported some form of discrimination during training or at their current position, presumably related to gender/sexual orientation (20.6%), race/country of origin (25.2%) and others (7.1%). Less than half (43.7%) received mentorship when discrimination occurred. An association between female responses and discrimination, differences in compensation, and job promotion was observed. This survey reveals alarmingly high rate of experience with racial and gender disparity, lack of mentorship, and very low rates of female leadership in the LT field and calls to action to equity and inclusion.
AB - Equality, diversity, and inclusion (EDI) are fundamental principles. Little is known about the pattern of practice and perceptions of EDI among liver transplant (LT) providers. International Liver Transplant Society (ILTS) EDI Committee survey around topics related to discrimination, mentorship, and gender. Answers were collected and analyzed anonymously. Worldwide female leadership was also queried via publicly available data. The survey was e-mailed to 1312 ILTS members, 199 responses (40.7% female) were collected from 38 countries (15.2% response rate). Almost half were surgeons (45.7%), 27.6% hepatologists and 26.6% anesthetists. Among 856 LT programs worldwide, 8.2% of leadership positions were held by females, and 22% of division chiefs were female across all specialties. Sixty-eight of respondents (34.7%) reported some form of discrimination during training or at their current position, presumably related to gender/sexual orientation (20.6%), race/country of origin (25.2%) and others (7.1%). Less than half (43.7%) received mentorship when discrimination occurred. An association between female responses and discrimination, differences in compensation, and job promotion was observed. This survey reveals alarmingly high rate of experience with racial and gender disparity, lack of mentorship, and very low rates of female leadership in the LT field and calls to action to equity and inclusion.
KW - gender equality
KW - leadership
KW - liver transplantation
KW - racial disparity
KW - women physicians
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U2 - 10.3389/ti.2022.10506
DO - 10.3389/ti.2022.10506
M3 - Article
C2 - 36052173
AN - SCOPUS:85137083060
SN - 0934-0874
VL - 35
JO - Transplant International
JF - Transplant International
M1 - 10506
ER -