TY - JOUR
T1 - Gene X disease interaction on orbitofrontal gray matter in cocaine addiction
AU - Alia-Klein, Nelly
AU - Parvaz, Muhammad A.
AU - Woicik, Patricia A.
AU - Konova, Anna B.
AU - Maloney, Thomas
AU - Shumay, Elena
AU - Wang, Ruiliang
AU - Telang, Frank
AU - Biegon, Anat
AU - Wang, Gene Jack
AU - Fowler, Joanna S.
AU - Tomasi, Dardo
AU - Volkow, Nora D.
AU - Goldstein, Rita Z.
PY - 2011/3
Y1 - 2011/3
N2 - Context: Long-term cocaine use has been associated with structural deficits in brain regions having dopaminereceptive neurons. However, the concomitant use of other drugs and common genetic variability in monoamine regulation present additional structural variability. Objective: To examine variations in gray matter volume (GMV) as a function of lifetime drug use and the genotype of the monoamine oxidase A gene, MAOA, in men with cocaine use disorders (CUD) and healthy male controls. Design: Cross-sectional comparison. Setting: Clinical Research Center at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Patients: Forty individuals with CUD and 42 controls who underwent magnetic resonance imaging to assess GMV and were genotyped for the MAOA polymorphism (categorized as high- and low-repeat alleles). Main Outcome Measures: The impact of cocaine addiction on GMV, tested by (1) comparing the CUD group with controls, (2) testing diagnosis X MAOA interactions, and (3) correlating GMV with lifetime cocaine, alcohol, and cigarette smoking, and testing their unique contribution to GMV beyond other factors. Results: (1) Individuals with CUD had reductions in GMVin the orbitofrontal, dorsolateral prefrontal, and temporal cortex and the hippocampus compared with controls. (2) The orbitofrontal cortex reductions were uniquely driven by CUD with low-MAOA genotype and by lifetime cocaine use. (3) The GMV in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was driven by lifetime alcohol use beyond the genotype and other pertinent variables. Conclusions: Long-term cocaine users with the low-repeat MAOA allele have enhanced sensitivity to gray matter loss, specifically in the orbitofrontal cortex, indicating that this genotype may exacerbate the deleterious effects of cocaine in the brain. In addition, long-term alcohol use is a major contributor to gray matter loss in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and is likely to further impair executive function and learning in cocaine addiction.
AB - Context: Long-term cocaine use has been associated with structural deficits in brain regions having dopaminereceptive neurons. However, the concomitant use of other drugs and common genetic variability in monoamine regulation present additional structural variability. Objective: To examine variations in gray matter volume (GMV) as a function of lifetime drug use and the genotype of the monoamine oxidase A gene, MAOA, in men with cocaine use disorders (CUD) and healthy male controls. Design: Cross-sectional comparison. Setting: Clinical Research Center at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Patients: Forty individuals with CUD and 42 controls who underwent magnetic resonance imaging to assess GMV and were genotyped for the MAOA polymorphism (categorized as high- and low-repeat alleles). Main Outcome Measures: The impact of cocaine addiction on GMV, tested by (1) comparing the CUD group with controls, (2) testing diagnosis X MAOA interactions, and (3) correlating GMV with lifetime cocaine, alcohol, and cigarette smoking, and testing their unique contribution to GMV beyond other factors. Results: (1) Individuals with CUD had reductions in GMVin the orbitofrontal, dorsolateral prefrontal, and temporal cortex and the hippocampus compared with controls. (2) The orbitofrontal cortex reductions were uniquely driven by CUD with low-MAOA genotype and by lifetime cocaine use. (3) The GMV in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus was driven by lifetime alcohol use beyond the genotype and other pertinent variables. Conclusions: Long-term cocaine users with the low-repeat MAOA allele have enhanced sensitivity to gray matter loss, specifically in the orbitofrontal cortex, indicating that this genotype may exacerbate the deleterious effects of cocaine in the brain. In addition, long-term alcohol use is a major contributor to gray matter loss in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, and is likely to further impair executive function and learning in cocaine addiction.
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U2 - 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.10
DO - 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.10
M3 - Article
C2 - 21383264
AN - SCOPUS:79952337561
SN - 0003-990X
VL - 68
SP - 283
EP - 294
JO - Archives of General Psychiatry
JF - Archives of General Psychiatry
IS - 3
ER -