TY - JOUR
T1 - Influence of ambient (outdoor) sources on residential indoor and personal PM2.5 concentrations
T2 - Analyses of RIOPA data
AU - Meng, Qingyu
AU - Turpin, Barbara J.
AU - Korn, Leo
AU - Weisel, Clifford P.
AU - Morandi, Maria
AU - Colome, Steven
AU - Junfeng, Zhang
AU - Stock, Thomas
AU - Spektor, Dalia
AU - Winer, Arthur
AU - Zhang, Lin
AU - Jong, Hoon Lee
AU - Giovanetti, Robert
AU - Cui, William
AU - Kwon, Jaymin
AU - Alimokhtari, Shahnaz
AU - Shendell, Derek
AU - Jones, Jennifer
AU - Farrar, Corice
AU - Maberti, Silvia
N1 - Funding Information:
Research described in this article was conducted, in part, under contract to the Health Effects Institute (HEI) , an organization jointly funded by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA: Assistance Agreement R828112) and automotive manufacturers. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views of HEI, nor do they necessarily reflect the views and policies of EPA or of motor vehicle and engine manufacturers.
Funding Information:
This research was supported by the Health Effects Institute, the Mickey Leland National Urban Air Toxics Center, the NIEHS Center of Excellence, the NJ Agricultural Experiment Station, and an EPA STAR Graduate Fellowship (for D. Shendell) . We gratefully acknowledge the hard work of all the students and technicians in the field and laboratories of RIOPA investigators and the hospitality of the RIOPA participants. In addition, we thank Dr. Wayne Ott of Stanford University for his advice, and acknowledge the guidance of Dr. Glen Cass, who will be missed.
PY - 2005/1
Y1 - 2005/1
N2 - The Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study was designed to investigate residential indoor, outdoor and personal exposures to several classes of air pollutants, including volatile organic compounds, carbonyls and fine particles (PM2.5). Samples were collected from summer, 1999 to spring, 2001 in Houston (TX), Los Angeles (CA) and Elizabeth (NJ). Indoor, outdoor and personal PM2.5 samples were collected at 212 nonsmoking residences, 162 of which were sampled twice. Some homes were chosen due to close proximity to ambient sources of one or more target analytes, while others were farther from sources. Median indoor, outdoor and personal PM2.5 mass concentrations for these three sites were 14.4, 15.5 and 31.4 μg/m3, respectively. The contributions of ambient (outdoor) and nonambient sources to indoor and personal concentrations were quantified using a single compartment box model with measured air exchange rate and a random component superposition (RCS) statistical model. The median contribution of ambient sources to indoor PM2.5 concentrations using the mass balance approach was estimated to be 56% for all study homes (63%, 52% and 33% for California, New Jersey and Texas study homes, respectively). Reasonable variations in model assumptions alter median ambient contributions by less than 20%. The mean of the distribution of ambient contributions across study homes agreed well for the mass balance and RCS models, but the distribution was somewhat broader when calculated using the mass balance model with measured air exchange rates.
AB - The Relationship of Indoor, Outdoor and Personal Air (RIOPA) study was designed to investigate residential indoor, outdoor and personal exposures to several classes of air pollutants, including volatile organic compounds, carbonyls and fine particles (PM2.5). Samples were collected from summer, 1999 to spring, 2001 in Houston (TX), Los Angeles (CA) and Elizabeth (NJ). Indoor, outdoor and personal PM2.5 samples were collected at 212 nonsmoking residences, 162 of which were sampled twice. Some homes were chosen due to close proximity to ambient sources of one or more target analytes, while others were farther from sources. Median indoor, outdoor and personal PM2.5 mass concentrations for these three sites were 14.4, 15.5 and 31.4 μg/m3, respectively. The contributions of ambient (outdoor) and nonambient sources to indoor and personal concentrations were quantified using a single compartment box model with measured air exchange rate and a random component superposition (RCS) statistical model. The median contribution of ambient sources to indoor PM2.5 concentrations using the mass balance approach was estimated to be 56% for all study homes (63%, 52% and 33% for California, New Jersey and Texas study homes, respectively). Reasonable variations in model assumptions alter median ambient contributions by less than 20%. The mean of the distribution of ambient contributions across study homes agreed well for the mass balance and RCS models, but the distribution was somewhat broader when calculated using the mass balance model with measured air exchange rates.
KW - Ambient-generated PM
KW - Exposure
KW - PM
KW - RIOPA
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U2 - 10.1038/sj.jea.7500378
DO - 10.1038/sj.jea.7500378
M3 - Article
C2 - 15138449
AN - SCOPUS:19944430465
SN - 1053-4245
VL - 15
SP - 17
EP - 28
JO - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology
JF - Journal of exposure analysis and environmental epidemiology
IS - 1
ER -