Inhibition of mechanosensory interneurons in the crayfish. I. Presynaptic inhibition from giant fibers

Sucrose-gap and intracellular recordings were used to study the primary afferent depolarization (PAD) produced in mechanosensory afferents by impulses in lateral and medial giant axons, which are the command cells for the tail flip escape response in the crayfish. The lateral and medial giant axons produce PAD through a polysynaptic interneuronal pathway. The response has a relatively long intraganglionic latency (7-11ms), and command-evoked PAD can be recorded in ganglia from which the giant axons have been experimentally disconnected. The final neurons of the pathway that delivers inhibition are few in number and extensive in distribution; most appear to be common to lateral and medial giant pathways. At least some of the inhibitory interneurons have axons in the interganglionic connectives and probably produce both presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition. Stimulation of the lateral, but not the medial, giant axons causes a small, short-latency deplorization that is stable at high repetition rates. This small potential can be accounted for by transmission across known electrical synapses between mechanosensory afferents and the lateral giants in each abdominal ganglion. Repetitive stimulation of the lateral giant axons causes substantial augmentation of PAD, apparently through recruitment of additional interneurons. PAD evoked by a single medial giant (MG) stimulus is generally much larger than that elicited by a single lateral giant (LG) spike. However, MG-PAD summates little and so maximum PAD ΔV reached during repetitive firing is equivalent for the two types of giant axons. Iontophoresis of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) into the ganglionic neuropil depolarizes the primary afferents and blocks activity in neurons that have axons in the interganglionic connective. The extrapolated PAD reversal potential and pharmacological studies suggest that a GABA-mediated chloride conductance increase is involved in the production of PAD.