TY - JOUR
T1 - Ligand activation of TAM family receptors-implications for tumor biology and therapeutic response
AU - Davra, Viralkumar
AU - Kimani, Stanley G.
AU - Calianese, David
AU - Birge, Raymond B.
N1 - Funding Information:
We wish to thank Sushil Kumar, Ke Geng, and Canan Kasikara for helpful discussions. This research was supported in part by NIH CA 1650771 to RBB, and a New Jersey Health Foundation for a NJHF pilot grant to RBB.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2016 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
PY - 2016/12/1
Y1 - 2016/12/1
N2 - The TAM family of receptors (i.e., Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk), and their ligands Growth arrest specific factor 6 (Gas6) and Protein S (Pros1) contribute to several oncogenic processes, such as cell survival, invasion, migration, chemo-resistance, and metastasis, whereby expression often correlates with poor clinical outcomes. In recent years, there has been great interest in the study of TAM receptors in cancer, stemming both from their roles as oncogenic signaling receptors, as well as their roles in tumor immunology. As a result, several classes of TAM inhibitors that include small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, decoy receptors, as well as novel strategies to target TAM ligands are being developed. This paper will review the biology of TAM receptors and their ligands with a focus on cancer, as well as evidence-based data for the continued pursuit of TAM/Gas6 inhibitors in clinical practice.
AB - The TAM family of receptors (i.e., Tyro3, Axl, and Mertk), and their ligands Growth arrest specific factor 6 (Gas6) and Protein S (Pros1) contribute to several oncogenic processes, such as cell survival, invasion, migration, chemo-resistance, and metastasis, whereby expression often correlates with poor clinical outcomes. In recent years, there has been great interest in the study of TAM receptors in cancer, stemming both from their roles as oncogenic signaling receptors, as well as their roles in tumor immunology. As a result, several classes of TAM inhibitors that include small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, decoy receptors, as well as novel strategies to target TAM ligands are being developed. This paper will review the biology of TAM receptors and their ligands with a focus on cancer, as well as evidence-based data for the continued pursuit of TAM/Gas6 inhibitors in clinical practice.
KW - Axl
KW - Gas6
KW - Immune evasion
KW - Mertk
KW - Protein S
KW - Tumor microenvironment
KW - Tyro3
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U2 - 10.3390/cancers8120107
DO - 10.3390/cancers8120107
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85006021648
SN - 2072-6694
VL - 8
JO - Cancers
JF - Cancers
IS - 12
M1 - 107
ER -