Management of the oral and maxillofacial surgery patient with end-stage renal disease

Chronic renal failure (CRF) is the consequence of a multitude of diseases that cause permanent destruction of the nephron. Concurrent with renal failure are a host of changes affecting the homeostatic functioning of the individual. This report outlines the pathophysiology of CRF and highlights its effects on surgical manipulation of the oral and maxillofacial region in this patient population. In addition, some of the common physical findings and alterations in blood chemistries frequently observed in these patients are discussed.