Abstract
A survey of the chemical stability of high-surface area LiMn2O4 in various Li-based electrolytes was performed as a function of temperature.The evidence for an acidic-induced Mn dissolution was confirmed, but more importantly we identified, by means of combined infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and X-ray diffraction measurements, the growth, upon storage of LiMn2O4 in the electrolyte at 100°C, of a protonated λ-MnO2 phase partially in active with respect to lithiumintercalation.This result sheds light on how the mechanism of high temperature irreversible capacity loss proceeds. Mn dissolution first occurs, leading to a deficient spinel having all the Mninthe+4oxidationstate. Once this composition is reached, Mn cannot be oxidized further, and aprotonic ion-exchange reaction takes place at the expense of the delithiation reaction.The resulting protonated λ-Mn2-yO4 phase has a reduced capacity with respect to lithium, thereby accounting for some of the irreversible capacity loss experienced at 55°C for such a material.
Original language | English (US) |
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Pages (from-to) | 428-436 |
Number of pages | 9 |
Journal | Journal of the Electrochemical Society |
Volume | 146 |
Issue number | 2 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - 1999 |
All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films
- Electrochemistry
- Materials Chemistry