Abstract
The evolution from hunting and gathering to agriculture, followed by industrialization, has had a profound effect on human physical activity (PA) patterns. Current PA patterns are undoubtedly the lowest they have been in human history, with particularly marked declines in recent generations, and future projections indicate further declines around the globe. Non-communicable health problems that afflict current societies are fundamentally attributable to the fact that PA patterns are markedly different than those for which humans were genetically adapted. The advent of modern statistics and epidemiological methods has made it possible to quantify the independent effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and PA on health outcomes. Based on more than five decades of epidemiological studies, it is now widely accepted that higher PA patterns and levels of CRF are associated with better health outcomes. This review will discuss the evidence supporting the premise that PA and CRF are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as the interplay between both PA and CRF and other CVD risk factors. A particular focus will be given to the interplay between CRF, metabolic risk and obesity.
| Original language | English (US) |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 306-314 |
| Number of pages | 9 |
| Journal | Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases |
| Volume | 57 |
| Issue number | 4 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Jan 1 2015 |
| Externally published | Yes |
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All Science Journal Classification (ASJC) codes
- Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Keywords
- Cardiorespiratory fitness
- Cardiovascular risk
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Physical activity
Cite this
}
Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Major Markers of Cardiovascular Risk : Their Independent and Interwoven Importance to Health Status. / Myers, Jonathan; McAuley, Paul; Lavie, Carl J.; Despres, Jean Pierre; Arena, Ross; Kokkinos, Peter.
In: Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, Vol. 57, No. 4, 01.01.2015, p. 306-314.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article
TY - JOUR
T1 - Physical Activity and Cardiorespiratory Fitness as Major Markers of Cardiovascular Risk
T2 - Their Independent and Interwoven Importance to Health Status
AU - Myers, Jonathan
AU - McAuley, Paul
AU - Lavie, Carl J.
AU - Despres, Jean Pierre
AU - Arena, Ross
AU - Kokkinos, Peter
PY - 2015/1/1
Y1 - 2015/1/1
N2 - The evolution from hunting and gathering to agriculture, followed by industrialization, has had a profound effect on human physical activity (PA) patterns. Current PA patterns are undoubtedly the lowest they have been in human history, with particularly marked declines in recent generations, and future projections indicate further declines around the globe. Non-communicable health problems that afflict current societies are fundamentally attributable to the fact that PA patterns are markedly different than those for which humans were genetically adapted. The advent of modern statistics and epidemiological methods has made it possible to quantify the independent effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and PA on health outcomes. Based on more than five decades of epidemiological studies, it is now widely accepted that higher PA patterns and levels of CRF are associated with better health outcomes. This review will discuss the evidence supporting the premise that PA and CRF are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as the interplay between both PA and CRF and other CVD risk factors. A particular focus will be given to the interplay between CRF, metabolic risk and obesity.
AB - The evolution from hunting and gathering to agriculture, followed by industrialization, has had a profound effect on human physical activity (PA) patterns. Current PA patterns are undoubtedly the lowest they have been in human history, with particularly marked declines in recent generations, and future projections indicate further declines around the globe. Non-communicable health problems that afflict current societies are fundamentally attributable to the fact that PA patterns are markedly different than those for which humans were genetically adapted. The advent of modern statistics and epidemiological methods has made it possible to quantify the independent effects of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and PA on health outcomes. Based on more than five decades of epidemiological studies, it is now widely accepted that higher PA patterns and levels of CRF are associated with better health outcomes. This review will discuss the evidence supporting the premise that PA and CRF are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as the interplay between both PA and CRF and other CVD risk factors. A particular focus will be given to the interplay between CRF, metabolic risk and obesity.
KW - Cardiorespiratory fitness
KW - Cardiovascular risk
KW - Diabetes
KW - Obesity
KW - Physical activity
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84920120660&partnerID=8YFLogxK
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84920120660&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.pcad.2014.09.011
DO - 10.1016/j.pcad.2014.09.011
M3 - Article
C2 - 25269064
AN - SCOPUS:84920120660
VL - 57
SP - 306
EP - 314
JO - Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
JF - Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
SN - 0033-0620
IS - 4
ER -