TY - JOUR
T1 - Prevalence and associated factors of enamel developmental defects among Nigerian children with perinatal HIV exposure
AU - DOMHaIN Study team
AU - Onyia, Nonso Emmanuel
AU - Akhigbe, Paul
AU - Osagie, Esosa
AU - Obuekwe, Ozoemene
AU - Omoigberale, Augustine
AU - Richards, Vincent P.
AU - Coker, Modupe O.
AU - Igedegbe, Oghenenero
AU - Adebiyi, Ruxton
AU - Ndekwu, Matron Christy
AU - Odigie, Uwagboe
AU - Olaye, Oyemwen
AU - Awanlemhen, Ehioze
AU - Chukwumaeze, Samuel
AU - Imoe, Matthew
AU - Oakhu, Daniel
AU - Dare, Susan
AU - Idemudia, Nosakhare
AU - Ehigie, Osasumwen
AU - Avenbuan, Kelly
AU - Godwins, Amara
AU - Iyorzor, Nneka Chukwumah Stanley
AU - Omorogbe, Owen
AU - Ugorji, Chioma
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was partly supported by a grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIDCR R01DE028154). The funder had no role in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of the data, and manuscript writing.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 The Author(s). Published by MRE Press.
PY - 2023/3
Y1 - 2023/3
N2 - To evaluate the prevalence and pattern of developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) and their risk factors among children born infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and those born to HIV-infected mothers compared with their unexposed counterparts (i.e., children born to uninfected mothers). This was an analytic cross-sectional study evaluating the presence and pattern of distribution of DDE in three groups of school-aged children (age, 4–11 years) receiving care and treatment at a Nigerian tertiary hospital, comprising: (1) HIV-infected (HI) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (n = 184), (2) HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) (n = 186) and (3) HIV-unexposed and uninfected (HUU) (n = 184). Data capture forms and questionnaires were used to record the children’s medical and dental history based on clinical chart review and recall from their parents/guardians. Dental examinations were performed by calibrated dentists blinded to the study grouping. CD4+ (Cluster of Differentiation) T-cell counts were assayed for all participants. The diagnosis of DDE corresponded with the codes enumerated in the World Dental Federation’s modified DDE Index. Analyses relied on comparative statistics to determine risk factors associated with DDE. A total of 103 participants distributed among the three groups presented with at least one form of DDE, which indicated a prevalence of 18.59%. The HI group had the highest frequency of DDE-affected teeth (4.36%), while that of the HEU and HUU groups were 2.73% and 2.05%, respectively. Overall, the most encountered DDE was code 1 (Demarcated Opacity), accounting for 30.93% of all codes. DDE codes 1, 4 and 6 showed significant associations with the HI and HEU groups in both dentitions (p < 0.05). We found no significant association DDE and either very low birth weight or preterm births. A marginal association with CD4+ lymphocyte count was observed in HI participants. DDE is prevalent in school-aged children, and HIV infection is a significant risk factor for hypoplasia, a common form of DDE. Our results were consistent with other research linking controlled HIV (with ART) to oral diseases and reinforce advocacies for public policies targeted at infants exposed/infected perinatally with HIV.
AB - To evaluate the prevalence and pattern of developmental defects of the enamel (DDE) and their risk factors among children born infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and those born to HIV-infected mothers compared with their unexposed counterparts (i.e., children born to uninfected mothers). This was an analytic cross-sectional study evaluating the presence and pattern of distribution of DDE in three groups of school-aged children (age, 4–11 years) receiving care and treatment at a Nigerian tertiary hospital, comprising: (1) HIV-infected (HI) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) (n = 184), (2) HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) (n = 186) and (3) HIV-unexposed and uninfected (HUU) (n = 184). Data capture forms and questionnaires were used to record the children’s medical and dental history based on clinical chart review and recall from their parents/guardians. Dental examinations were performed by calibrated dentists blinded to the study grouping. CD4+ (Cluster of Differentiation) T-cell counts were assayed for all participants. The diagnosis of DDE corresponded with the codes enumerated in the World Dental Federation’s modified DDE Index. Analyses relied on comparative statistics to determine risk factors associated with DDE. A total of 103 participants distributed among the three groups presented with at least one form of DDE, which indicated a prevalence of 18.59%. The HI group had the highest frequency of DDE-affected teeth (4.36%), while that of the HEU and HUU groups were 2.73% and 2.05%, respectively. Overall, the most encountered DDE was code 1 (Demarcated Opacity), accounting for 30.93% of all codes. DDE codes 1, 4 and 6 showed significant associations with the HI and HEU groups in both dentitions (p < 0.05). We found no significant association DDE and either very low birth weight or preterm births. A marginal association with CD4+ lymphocyte count was observed in HI participants. DDE is prevalent in school-aged children, and HIV infection is a significant risk factor for hypoplasia, a common form of DDE. Our results were consistent with other research linking controlled HIV (with ART) to oral diseases and reinforce advocacies for public policies targeted at infants exposed/infected perinatally with HIV.
KW - Defects
KW - Enamel
KW - HIV
KW - Opacity
KW - Pediatric
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UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=85149664169&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.22514/jocpd.2023.007
DO - 10.22514/jocpd.2023.007
M3 - Article
C2 - 36890737
AN - SCOPUS:85149664169
SN - 1053-4628
VL - 47
SP - 1
EP - 9
JO - Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
JF - Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry
IS - 2
ER -