TY - JOUR
T1 - Race/Ethnic Differences in Prevalence and Correlates of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in World Trade Center Responders
T2 - Results From a Population-Based, Health Monitoring Cohort
AU - Whealin, Julia M.
AU - Ciro, Dianne
AU - Dasaro, Christopher R.
AU - Udasin, Iris G.
AU - Crane, Michael
AU - Moline, Jacqueline M.
AU - Harrison, Denise J.
AU - Luft, Benjamin J.
AU - Todd, Andrew C.
AU - Feder, Adriana
AU - Pietrzak, Robert H.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 American Psychological Association
PY - 2022
Y1 - 2022
N2 - Objective: This study evaluated race/ethnic differences in the prevalence and correlates of World Trade Center (WTC) related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in WTC responders. Method: Data were analyzed from a population-based, health monitoring cohort of 15,440 nontraditional (i.e., construction workers) and 13,403 police WTC responders. Results: Among nontraditional responders, the prevalence of WTC-related PTSD was highest in Latino/a (40.4%) versus Black (27.3%) and White (26.5%) responders; among police responders, Latino/a (10.4%) responders also had higher prevalence of PTSD relative to Black (9.8%) and White (8.7%) responders. However, multivariable analyses revealed that prior psychiatric diagnosis, greater severity of WTC-related exposures, post-9/11 stressful life events, (in police responders only) older age, and (in nontraditional responders only) lower income and education levels accounted for substantially higher prevalence of WTC-related PTSD across ethnic/racial groups. Additionally, among nontraditional responders, subgroups with added risk included responders who were: Latino/a or White had high post-911 stressful events; Latino/a or Black and had pre-9/11 psychiatric history; and Latinas. Among police responders, subgroups with added risk were Latino/a or Black police with a low annual income. Conclusions: Collectively, results of this study underscore the burden of differential vulnerability that can contribute to higher prevalence of PTSD in certain cultural subgroups following large magnitude traumatic events.
AB - Objective: This study evaluated race/ethnic differences in the prevalence and correlates of World Trade Center (WTC) related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in WTC responders. Method: Data were analyzed from a population-based, health monitoring cohort of 15,440 nontraditional (i.e., construction workers) and 13,403 police WTC responders. Results: Among nontraditional responders, the prevalence of WTC-related PTSD was highest in Latino/a (40.4%) versus Black (27.3%) and White (26.5%) responders; among police responders, Latino/a (10.4%) responders also had higher prevalence of PTSD relative to Black (9.8%) and White (8.7%) responders. However, multivariable analyses revealed that prior psychiatric diagnosis, greater severity of WTC-related exposures, post-9/11 stressful life events, (in police responders only) older age, and (in nontraditional responders only) lower income and education levels accounted for substantially higher prevalence of WTC-related PTSD across ethnic/racial groups. Additionally, among nontraditional responders, subgroups with added risk included responders who were: Latino/a or White had high post-911 stressful events; Latino/a or Black and had pre-9/11 psychiatric history; and Latinas. Among police responders, subgroups with added risk were Latino/a or Black police with a low annual income. Conclusions: Collectively, results of this study underscore the burden of differential vulnerability that can contribute to higher prevalence of PTSD in certain cultural subgroups following large magnitude traumatic events.
KW - Disaster responders
KW - Ethnic differences
KW - Ptsd
KW - Race/ethnicity
KW - Vulnerability
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U2 - 10.1037/tra0001081
DO - 10.1037/tra0001081
M3 - Article
C2 - 34647790
AN - SCOPUS:85119249482
SN - 1942-9681
VL - 14
SP - 199
EP - 208
JO - Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
JF - Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy
IS - 2
ER -