Relationship Between Probiotics and Gut-Skin Axis in Skin Wound Healing: A Recent Update

There is an intricate relationship between human skin health and gut microenvironment, and both are equally influenced using probiotics. In recent years, there is growing evidence suggesting the role of probiotics in metabolism, immunomodulation, wound healing, and various inflammatory and infectious conditions. Both the skin and gut are morphologically different but share some common physiological features. The gut and skin interact mainly through this microbiota and the metabolites secreted by them that interfere with a cascade of biological pathways regulating metabolism, immunity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and neuroendocrine function. Understanding the mechanism of action by which gut influences skin health (inside-out) is essential to define the cross talk between the two compartments. Probiotics can be exploited as modern therapeutics or as an adjuvant to classical therapies in the management of a variety of human diseases. However, limited data is available on the clinical potential of oral and topical probiotics in the treatment of skin- and gut-associated diseases. Although probiotics are considered safe, a comprehensive investigation is also required to establish the safety measures in immunocompromised persons. The present review highlighted the significance of probiotics in the gut-skin axis with a special reference to gut microbiota, skin homeostasis, and skin wound healing.