TY - JOUR
T1 - Release of airborne particles and Ag and Zn compounds from nanotechnology-enabled consumer sprays
T2 - Implications for inhalation exposure
AU - Calderón, Leonardo
AU - Han, Taewon T.
AU - McGilvery, Catriona M.
AU - Yang, Letao
AU - Subramaniam, Prasad
AU - Lee, Ki Bum
AU - Schwander, Stephan
AU - Tetley, Teresa D.
AU - Georgopoulos, Panos G.
AU - Ryan, Mary
AU - Porter, Alexandra E.
AU - Smith, Rachel
AU - Chung, Kian Fan
AU - Lioy, Paul J.
AU - Zhang, Junfeng
AU - Mainelis, Gediminas
N1 - Funding Information:
The study was supported by a joint program of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (STAR grant 83469302) and the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (grant NE/H012893), and the NIEHS-funded Center for Environmental Exposures and Disease (P30ES005022). AEP acknowledges additional support from an ERC starting grant (# 257182). AEP and MPR acknowledge a grant from NERC (# NE/N006402/1).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2017
Y1 - 2017
N2 - The increasing prevalence and use of nanotechnology-enabled consumer products have increased potential consumer exposures to nanoparticles; however, there is still a lack of data characterizing such consumer exposure. The research reported here investigated near-field airborne exposures due to the use of 13 silver (Ag)-based and 5 zinc (Zn)-based consumer sprays. The products were sprayed into a specially designed glove box, and all products were applied with equal spraying duration and frequency. Size distribution and concentration of the released particles were assessed using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to investigate the presence of metals in all investigated products. Spray liquids and airborne particles from select products were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). We found that all sprays produced airborne particles ranging in size from nano-sized particles (<100 nm) to coarse particles (>2.5 μm); however, there was a substantial variation in the released particle concentration depending on a product. The total aerosol mass concentration was dominated by the presence of coarse particles, and it ranged from ∼30 μg/m3to ∼30,000 μg/m3. The TEM verified the presence of nanoparticles and their agglomerates in liquid and airborne states. The products were found to contain not only Ag and Zn compounds - as advertised on the product labeling - but also a variety of other metals including lithium, strontium, barium, lead, manganese and others. The results presented here can be used as input to model population exposures as well as form a basis for human health effects studies due to the use nanotechnology-enabled products.
AB - The increasing prevalence and use of nanotechnology-enabled consumer products have increased potential consumer exposures to nanoparticles; however, there is still a lack of data characterizing such consumer exposure. The research reported here investigated near-field airborne exposures due to the use of 13 silver (Ag)-based and 5 zinc (Zn)-based consumer sprays. The products were sprayed into a specially designed glove box, and all products were applied with equal spraying duration and frequency. Size distribution and concentration of the released particles were assessed using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer and an Aerodynamic Particle Sizer. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to investigate the presence of metals in all investigated products. Spray liquids and airborne particles from select products were examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). We found that all sprays produced airborne particles ranging in size from nano-sized particles (<100 nm) to coarse particles (>2.5 μm); however, there was a substantial variation in the released particle concentration depending on a product. The total aerosol mass concentration was dominated by the presence of coarse particles, and it ranged from ∼30 μg/m3to ∼30,000 μg/m3. The TEM verified the presence of nanoparticles and their agglomerates in liquid and airborne states. The products were found to contain not only Ag and Zn compounds - as advertised on the product labeling - but also a variety of other metals including lithium, strontium, barium, lead, manganese and others. The results presented here can be used as input to model population exposures as well as form a basis for human health effects studies due to the use nanotechnology-enabled products.
KW - Consumer sprays
KW - Exposure
KW - Metals
KW - Nanoparticles
KW - Nanotechnology
KW - Nanotechnology-enabled consumer products
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U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.016
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.02.016
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85013106475
VL - 155
SP - 85
EP - 96
JO - Atmospheric Environment
JF - Atmospheric Environment
SN - 1352-2310
ER -