Revaccination with a 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine induces elevated and persistent functional antibody responses in adults aged ≤ 65 years

Background. Older adults are at high risk of developing invasive pneumococcal disease, but the optimal timing and number of vaccine doses needed to prevent disease among this group are unknown. We compared revaccination with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PN23) with primary vaccination for eliciting initial and persistent functional antibody responses. Methods. Subjects aged ≤ 65 years were enrolled. Functional (opsonic) and total immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody levels were measured following either PN23 primary vaccination (n = 60 ) or revaccination 3-5 years after receiving a first PN23 vaccination (n = 60). Antibody against vaccine serotypes 4, 14, and 23F was measured at prevaccination (day 0), 30 days after vaccination, and 5 years after vaccination. Results. By day 30, both primary vaccination and revaccination induced significant increases in opsonic and IgG antibody levels. Day 30 levels following revaccination were slightly lower but not significantly different than those after primary vaccination. Year 5 levels were similar in both groups and remained significantly higher than prevaccination levels for primary vaccination subjects. There was good agreement between postvaccination opsonic and IgG antibody levels. Conclusions. Revaccination of older adults with PN23 was comparable to primary vaccination for inducing elevated and persistent functional and IgG antibody responses.