Simultaneous presentation of focal cemento-osseous dysplasia and simple bone cyst of the mandible masquerading as a multilocular radiolucency

The fibro-osseous lesions represent a large group of disorders that have many common characteristics including clinical, radiographic and microscopic features. Although most are of unknown aetiology, some are believed to be neoplastic and others are related to metabolic imbalances. It is not unusual to see these lesions presenting with a range of radiographic appearances, causing considerable diagnostic confusion owing to their similar histology. This case report presents a histologically benign cemento-osseous lesion that is radiographically consistent with a focal cemento-osseous dysplasia, along with a concomitant simple (traumatic) bone cyst within the right mandibular alveolus, with the initial presentation as a multilocular radiolucency. Pertinent literature is reviewed.