Substrate induction and metabolite accumulation during anaerobic toluene utilization by the denitrifying strain T1

The denitrifying strain T1 utilizes toluene anaerobically. We now report that anaerobic toluene degradation is inducible in strain T1. Fluoroacetate treatment of cell suspensions inhibited both the rate of toluene metabolism and the formation of the toluene dead-end products benzylsuccinate and benzylfumarate, which is consistent with the pathway proposed by Evans et al. (Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:496-501, 1992). In addition, when either nitrate was limiting or fluoroacetate was added, benzoate was detected during toluene metabolism.