TY - JOUR
T1 - The ventral pallidum
T2 - Subregion-specific functional anatomy and roles in motivated behaviors
AU - Root, David H.
AU - Melendez, Roberto I.
AU - Zaborszky, Laszlo
AU - Napier, T. Celeste
N1 - Funding Information:
This review and the included research were supported by the USPHSGs NS23945 (LZ), DA05255 (TCN) and DA015760 (TCN), and the Intramural Research Program at the National Institute on Drug Abuse (DHR) . Research support was also provided by NRSAs to trainees in TCN's laboratory including: F32 DA05651 to P Johnson, F30 MH45180 to MS Turner, F31 DA019763 to F Shen, DA019783 to AL Mickiewicz, DA023306 to AA Herrold, DA021475 to RM Voigt, DA024923 to SM Graves and DA0331231 to SE Tedford. Gratitude is extended to each of these trainees for their contribution to VP-related research that is overviewed here. The authors thank Dr. Mark O. West for valuable discussions and mentorship to DHR under DA026252 (DHR) and DA006886 (MOW). The funders had no role in the decision to publish or preparation of the manuscript. The authors thank Dr. Marisela Morales for providing material prepared with in situ hybridization and immunohistochemical techniques.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015.
PY - 2015/7/1
Y1 - 2015/7/1
N2 - The ventral pallidum (VP) plays a critical role in the processing and execution of motivated behaviors. Yet this brain region is often overlooked in published discussions of the neurobiology of mental health (. e.g., addiction, depression). This contributes to a gap in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders. This review is presented to help bridge the gap by providing a resource for current knowledge of VP anatomy, projection patterns and subregional circuits, and how this organization relates to the function of VP neurons and ultimately behavior. For example, ventromedial (VPvm) and dorsolateral (VPdl) VP subregions receive projections from nucleus accumbens shell and core, respectively. Inhibitory GABAergic neurons of the VPvm project to mediodorsal thalamus, lateral hypothalamus, and ventral tegmental area, and this VP subregion helps discriminate the appropriate conditions to acquire natural rewards or drugs of abuse, consume preferred foods, and perform working memory tasks. GABAergic neurons of the VPdl project to subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata, and this VP subregion is modulated by, and is necessary for, drug-seeking behavior. Additional circuits arise from nonGABAergic neuronal phenotypes that are likely to excite rather than inhibit their targets. These subregional and neuronal phenotypic circuits place the VP in a unique position to process motivationally relevant stimuli and coherent adaptive behaviors.
AB - The ventral pallidum (VP) plays a critical role in the processing and execution of motivated behaviors. Yet this brain region is often overlooked in published discussions of the neurobiology of mental health (. e.g., addiction, depression). This contributes to a gap in understanding the neurobiological mechanisms of psychiatric disorders. This review is presented to help bridge the gap by providing a resource for current knowledge of VP anatomy, projection patterns and subregional circuits, and how this organization relates to the function of VP neurons and ultimately behavior. For example, ventromedial (VPvm) and dorsolateral (VPdl) VP subregions receive projections from nucleus accumbens shell and core, respectively. Inhibitory GABAergic neurons of the VPvm project to mediodorsal thalamus, lateral hypothalamus, and ventral tegmental area, and this VP subregion helps discriminate the appropriate conditions to acquire natural rewards or drugs of abuse, consume preferred foods, and perform working memory tasks. GABAergic neurons of the VPdl project to subthalamic nucleus and substantia nigra pars reticulata, and this VP subregion is modulated by, and is necessary for, drug-seeking behavior. Additional circuits arise from nonGABAergic neuronal phenotypes that are likely to excite rather than inhibit their targets. These subregional and neuronal phenotypic circuits place the VP in a unique position to process motivationally relevant stimuli and coherent adaptive behaviors.
KW - Addiction
KW - Dopamine
KW - GABA
KW - Glutamate
KW - Nucleus accumbens
KW - Ventral tegmental area
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U2 - 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.03.005
DO - 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.03.005
M3 - Review article
C2 - 25857550
AN - SCOPUS:84930758060
VL - 130
SP - 29
EP - 70
JO - Progress in Neurobiology
JF - Progress in Neurobiology
SN - 0301-0082
ER -