@article{10ae08c2906d4be284c8192e474194a6,
title = "YBR246W is required for the third step of diphthamide biosynthesis",
abstract = "Diphthamide, the target of diphtheria toxin, is a post-translationally modified histidine residue that is found in archaeal and eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2. The biosynthesis and function of this modification has attracted the interest of many biochemists for decades. The biosynthesis has been known to proceed in three steps. Proteins required for the first and second steps have been identified, but the protein(s) required for the last step have remained elusive. Here we demonstrate that the YBR246W gene in yeast is required for the last step of diphthamide biosynthesis, as the deletion of YBR246W leads to the accumulation of diphthine, which is the enzymatic product of the second step of the biosynthesis. This discovery will provide important information leading to the complete elucidation of the full biosynthesis pathway of diphthamide.",
author = "Xiaoyang Su and Wei Chen and Wankyu Lee and Hong Jiang and Sheng Zhang and Hening Lin",
note = "Funding Information: Abstract: Transposons are movable and extended elements, they are important parts in genome and can affect the genome evolution. Transposable activity is usually regulated by environmental factors. To discuss the influence of environmental stress on the activity of transposons, the zebrafish embryos at early stage were exposed to TCDD, Cu2+ and Cd2+ for two hours, respectively. Then the embryos were cultured in normal medium until 72 hpf. The total RNA of embryos were extracted and transcribed into cDNA by reverse transcription. Then the transcription activity of 9 transposons with complete gene structures after exposure were compared with that before by real-time quantity fluorescent PCR. The 9 transposons included 5 DNA transposons (Tc-a, Tc-b, Tc-c, Tc-d and Tc-e) and 4 retrotransposons (ZB-ERV-1, ZB-ERV-2, 2 L1-323 and L1-21). The results showed that the transcription activity of 8 transposons treated with TCDD obviously decreased, and that of one significantly increased; the transcription activity of 7 transposons treated with Cu2+ obviously increased, and that of 2 were significantly decreased; the transcription activity of 6 transposons treated with Cd2+ obviously increased, and that of 3 significantly decreased. Those results suggested that environment factors can significantly affect transposons expression activity, and environment stress could be the important reason for the variation of transposon activity. Those data play a very important role in evaluating and understanding the effect of environment factors on fish genome and transposon activity, and provide reference for further research on biology genome evolutionary mechanism. Key words: Danio rerio; transposon; environment pollutants; transcription activity Corresponding author: SONG Chengyi. E-mail: cysong@yzu.edu.cn Funding projects: Natural Science Foundation of China (31671313); Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions",
year = "2012",
month = jan,
day = "18",
doi = "10.1021/ja208870a",
language = "English (US)",
volume = "134",
pages = "773--776",
journal = "Journal of the American Chemical Society",
issn = "0002-7863",
publisher = "American Chemical Society",
number = "2",
}